Ice Hockey Essay -- Sports Hockey Ice History Essays Research

Ice Hockey I. History      Around 1820 the game began to get on among the guests to the solidified lakes. Individuals had played field hockey and another game in Europe for quite a long time, however this new form of the old game required that it’s players put on skates. Utilizing metal edges that could be lashed to their boots, the players would slice branches from trees to use as sticks; for pucks they would use round bits of plug or wooden balls. During the 1870s, each group was comprised of nine players skating simultaneously, and body checking was not allowed. There were no replacements, so players were required to play the whole an hour of the game.      By 1880, the game had started to develop into the game we know today; groups were decreased to seven-man units. The puck supplanted the ball, and sticks were leveled on the two sides to permit players to deal with the puck better. Cushions and gloves that player utilized in cricket and baseball were utilized to secure the legs and hands of hockey players. Prior to this time, players had utilized anything they could get their hands on for security.      The careful cause of formal hockey is obscure. A few history specialists report that the main conventional game was played in Kingston, Ontario, in 1867. II. The Object Of The Game      Hockey is a basic game. The offense attempts to hit the puck into the net and the resistance attempts to stop them. Every player conveys a stick, generally made of wood, and wears defensive garments. Goaltenders, or goalies, convey heavie...

Pricing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Valuing Strategy - Essay Example Instead of the regular act of setting costs to take care of expenses in the eatery business, this upscale Chinese café will receive an interest based valuing technique. Request driven estimating for the most part has three significant segments. Right off the bat, such an estimating permits organizations to set costs to accomplish specific deals targets (Levy and Weitz, 2012). Besides, it permits the firm to survey the greatest and least costs adequate by the objective market (Levy and Weitz, 2012). At last, mental evaluating permits organizations to exploit the â€Å"high value, high quality† rule just as odd estimating (Levy and Weitz, 2012). A cost-based methodology is a back to front methodology which is plainly not appropriate for the bistro as it would leave the bistro powerless against fluctuating product costs. Such a procedure would make light of customers’ impression of the upscale picture of the eatery. There might be sure food things for which clients would pay all the more yet the cost-based methodology treats each offering similarly and neglects to catch the additional benefit that can be earned from such items. In such cases, an interest based methodology would be most fit which would permit the café to charge a top notch cost for its appeal dishes, for example, Chicken Szechwan and Tempura fish. Despite the fact that the eatery is upscale, it must be comprehended that the nearness of a few Chinese cafés makes this commercial center profoundly serious for the eatery. Skimming the market would, along these lines, not be a reasonable choice. This is on the grounds that skimming system works best for new items or those with little rivalry. Remembering this, an infiltration estimating would be utilized with an initial proposal for the new Chinese café. The significant preferred position of entrance estimating is that it causes customers’ to notice recently propelled items and urges them to attempt them as a result of their mod erateness. Simultaneously, it would fill in as a technique for â€Å"breaking the clutter† by urging clients to change from contenders to this eatery. This would have the impact of drawing in and building up a solid client base during beginning long stretches of the restaurant’s tasks. Albeit such a valuing system would bring about lower edges at first, piece of the overall industry will be expanded over the long haul. As of now, notwithstanding, the making of brand character would be extremely huge. This eatery brand will not be perceived by its low costs yet the VIP treatment given to clients and food quality at top notch costs. Just the highest caliber of fixings and master culinary experts will be utilized to set up the dinners. The lucid introduction just as remarkable client assistance will be utilized to set exclusive expectations. By giving low costs and high caliber of food alongside feast in offices, long holding up prompts are foreseen to create in the café which will just be opened at one area at first. This will additionally flag the restaurant’s prominence which will be decisively when the entrance evaluating procedure will be supplanted with premium valuing. This is on the grounds that the upscale feel and view of high caliber will legitimize the more significant expenses. Since the organization will have built up a solid client base that is faithful to the company’s top notch food and feasting experience, the significant expenses later on would not hinder them from eating at this café. Additionally, by pulling in clients through infiltration prici

Community Service Essay Samples - Important For Students Preparation

Community Service Essay Samples - Important For Students' PreparationCommunity service essay samples are commonly used in many high school courses and can be quite useful. For many students, particularly those who are nearing graduation, writing these papers has become a more common subject than ever before. For students who wish to build a strong foundation for their career and are looking to better understand the different facets of this subject, or want to just get some practice writing, there are many types of essays that can be used.Community service essay samples are the most popular essay subjects for many high school students. These papers are very helpful for students to understand the topic. They offer an opportunity for students to write about an aspect of their lives that they feel needs to be shared with others. The main reason why these papers are useful is because many people who are in prison spend much of their time doing community service.For many people, writing a service type of essay may seem daunting. There are many different writing styles that are necessary to create a good essay. This is where community service essay samples come in. Students who are contemplating writing a service essay may be tempted to abandon the project when they realize how difficult it is. The purpose of community service essay samples is to help students understand how they should handle their essays and make them memorable.Some students have the impression that writing these kinds of essays is a boring task and have no idea how to even begin. This is a very common problem that is faced by many students as they prepare for their service essay and believe that they will just be wasting their time and that they will not improve upon their writing skills. This is the reason why community service essay samples are so useful.They are a great help for students who are just beginning to learn how to write and are afraid that their writing skills are not up to par. Stud ents who have the mindset that they will not be able to create agreat service essay are simply wrong. They are likely to realize that writing essays on various topics is possible.Service type essays also are helpful for those students who have just discovered their interest in writing and are unsure what to write about. The first step in creating a great essay is to write about something that interests you. Often, the next step is to find a topic to write about that relates to the service that they are writing about.Students who have had experiences with drug abuse are often able to find a way to use a service type essay to improve their writing. These types of essays are very helpful for students who are struggling to remember the details that they need to write. Instead of writing out the entire drug experience as it happened, they will firstly discuss the effects of the drug and then the positive things that they did while they were abusing the drug.It is important for students t o take some time to really think about the benefits of community service essay samples. They are an excellent way to better understand the components of a quality essay. Writing these types of essays is not easy, but it is not impossible either. It takes a student with a willingness to learn and an ability to truly put into words what he has learned about a specific topic.

Latin Translation Resources and Tools

Whether you want to translate a short English phrase into Latin or a Latin phrase into English, you can not just plug the words into a dictionary and expect an accurate result. You cant with most modern languages, but the lack of a one-to-one correspondence is even greater for Latin and English. If all you want to know is the essence of a Latin phrase, some of the so-called online translation tools for Latin may help. Perhaps you want to know what Marcus in silvam vocat means. The Latin-English translation program I tried translated it as Marcus upon woods vocat. That is obviously not quite right because vocat isnt an English word. Its not a great translation. Since I used that online tool, Google has added its own translator that worked efficiently  enough but has been commented on negatively by many users. If you want a thorough, accurate translation, you will probably need to have a human do it for you, and you may have to pay a fee. Latin translation is a skill that takes a substantial investment in time and money, so translators deserve to be compensated for their efforts. In case youre interested in developing the skill of translating Latin, there are Latin online courses and other self-help methods for beginning Latin as well as Latin degree programs in colleges and universities. Between the two extremes, however, there are some useful tools on the Internet. Parser A parser, like The Latin Parser, tells you basic facts about a word. Depending on what information the parser spits out, you can determine which part of speech the word is and other essentials you need to know in order to translate. You might use a parser if you realize that the Latin phrase you want to understand has 1 (or 2) unknowable word and a bunch of other words you can almost decipher. In the Marcus in silvam vocat example, Marcus looks enough like a name, that you neednt look it up. In looks like the English word of the same spelling, but what about silvam and vocat? If you dont even know what part of speech they are, a parser will help, since its job is to tell you its person, number, tense, mood, etc., if its a verb, and its number, case, and gender  if its a noun. If you do know the words in question are accusative singular and 3d singular, present active indicative, you probably also know that the noun silvam translates as forest/wood and the verb vocat as calls. At any rate, a parser and/or dictionary can help with little bits of Latin like this. Dont use the parser to find the Latin for an English word. For that, you need a dictionary. Assuming you have a vague familiarity with Latin, a parser will tell you the possible forms of a given word. This will help if you cant remember the endings of the paradigms, but understand their purposes. Quick Latin includes a dictionary. Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid This program does not require that you download. You can use it for exploring—trying to figure things out on your own, since you can insert endings (a list of which is on the page) or stems. VISL Pre-analyzed Latin sentences This resource from Syddansk University seems an extremely useful program for people teaching themselves Latin, but it only deals with pre-selected sentences. It doesnt translate the Latin into English at all, but shows the relationships among words by means of tree diagrams. If you have ever tried diagramming a convoluted Latin sentence, you will understand what an imposing task this is. By means of a tree you can see how the words relate to each other; that is, you can tell that one word is part of a phrase begun by another word—like a preposition leading a prepositional phrase. The pre-selected sentences are from standard Latin authors, so you may find the help you need. Translation Service If you need more than a quick approximation of a phrase of Latin, and cant do it yourself, youll need help. There are professional, fee-charging services, like Applied Language Solutions Latin Translation Service - English to Latin Translation. Ive never used them, so I cant tell you how good they are. There are now Latin Translators, with prices spelled out up front. Both claim the lowest prices, so check. A quick look suggests theyre both right—depending on the number of words and direction of Latin language translation: The Latin TranslatorClassical Turns

Essay PRINCE 2 Project Management Methodology - 1216 Words

History of PRINCE2 PRINCE2 (Project in Controlled Environments, Version 2) is a project management methodology that are released in 1996. It was based on combination of two methodology that is PROMPT (Projects Resource Organization Management Planning Technique) and IBMs MITP (Managing the Implementation of the Total Project) methodology. PROMPT that is originally created by former IBM Project Managers in 1975. Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) one of IBM’s client which is responsible for IT support in United Kingdom Government, applied PROMPT methodology and adapted it in 1979 and called it PRINCE (PROMPT in the CCTA Environment) which became Projects in Controlled Environments. PRINCE was widely used in IT project†¦show more content†¦3. Roles and Responsibilities Project must define roles and responsibilities of Project Board. Project Board consist business stakeholder, users and suppliers. Project Board makes the big decision about project and delegates authority to Project Managers. 4. Manage by Stages Project must be must be monitored and controlled in every stage. 5. Manage by exception Each time the Project Board want to move to next stage, they delegates authority to Project Managers by setting tolerances for cost, time, quality, scope, risk and benefits. 6. Focus on products Product produced must follow the scope of the project. Changes make for the product or scope must carefully consider the impact of project objectives. 7. Tailor to the project environments The project must consider the risk, complexity, size and importance. More complex project means it will need more high degree of monitoring needs. PRINCE2 Themes 1. Business Case Understand the benefits that will be gain over time against the risk and operational cost. 2. Organization Focus on who is responsible for making decision, committing resources, and monitoring throughout the project. Each member of the project must understand the roles and responsibility in the project. 3. Quality Focus on which product that are delivered by the project and level of quality of each product. It must fit for it purpose. 4. Risk Focus how to identify, planning, implementation and reports risk during the project. 5.Show MoreRelatedProject Management Body Of Knowledge Framework1528 Words   |  7 Pages1. Project Management 1.1 Research PRINCE 2 PRINCE 2, which stands for Projects IN Controlled Environments, is a process-based methodology for effective project management. As stated on the website using the PRINCE 2 methodology a project â€Å"focuses on business justification, a defined organisation structure for the project team, product based planning approach, emphasis on dividing the project in the manageable to controllable stages and flexibility that can be applied at a level appropriate forRead MoreProyect Management: Agile Project Management and PRINCE Metodology902 Words   |  4 Pagesdictionary (2014), a project can be defined as â€Å"An individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim†. While the Association of Project Management defines a project as â€Å"A unique, transient endeavour, undertaken to achieve planned objectives, which could be defined in terms of outputs, outcomes or benefits.† (Apm, n.d.). Project management can then be defined as the use of certain skills and applications to effectively and efficiently achieve a project goal and improveRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project On Project Management847 Words   |  4 PagesStudent ID-11613141 Ans 1. Methodology: Methodology is a collection of strategic methods that focus on how to plan, perform and complete certain projects. It has a conductive approach which depends on the conditions of different projects(Marchewka, 2003). Role of the Methodologies in Project Management: It suggests variations, tools and techniques, analyzation to accomplish the projects(Marchewka, 2003). It designs a plan to fulfill the project and product life cycles(MarchewkaRead MoreA Project Management Methodology For Managing Projects996 Words   |  4 Pagesability and capability to organize project management could determine the success of an organization. Generally, project managers use formal project management methodology to run projects efficiently. This article describes the explanation of the differences between PMBOK and PRINCE2, the advantages and disadvantages of those models, and the example of a project which use PMBOK methodology. The differences between PMBOK and PRINCE2 â€Å"PMBOK† stands for Project Management Body of Knowledge. PMBOK GuideRead MoreImplementation Of Project Management Methodology981 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction Project management methodology is a combination of sensibly related practices, systems and procedures that decide how best to arrange, create, control and convey a task all through the continuous execution process until effective completion and termination. It is a logically demonstrated, precise and trained way to deal with project design, execution and completion. The purpose of project methodology is to take into consideration controlling the whole management process through powerfulRead MoreLondon Ambulance Service Of A Computerized System1459 Words   |  6 Pagessuch a project is illustrated below: REQUIREMENTS GATHERING AND PLANNING What happened: The funding for the development of a computerized system was done in 1974; however the development remained stagnant for a long period of time until the 13 years later, when the first system was developed. This system failed acceptance tests. A new system was redeveloped in 1992 and deployed on October 1992. The reluctant consent by the union members in the development of this project affected the project toRead MoreProfessional Summary. Over 6 Months Of Experience As A1118 Words   |  5 PagesZealand and have gained strengths in sales, marketing and business development processes. Strong management skills, including staff management, negotiating with vendors, product sourcing, pricing for profit, training, stock maintenance, bulk buying and one off specials and techniques to present the product, forecasting and placing backorders for future. A strong experience in using Retail Management system software (RMS with UNIX and IBM mainframes) and also SAP Retail. Very strong in communicatingRead MoreCost-Benefit Analysis and Project Budget995 Words   |  4 PagesCost-Benefit Analysis and Project Budget We are creating a Smartphone application for use as a travel aid for the public and the profit will be donated to the partnership for children charity. The total budget allocated for this project is  £20,000. We have  £10,000 from our own funds and we will be using this fund for the promotion of the app with  £10,000. The council has also provided us with  £10,000 subsidy. We have used our funds on Feasibility, User Requirement and Analysis, Design, CodingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Project Management Methodology Known As It Can Tie Into The Area Of The Subject1128 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION HISTORY OF PRINCE2 PRINCE2 METHODOLOGY PRINCIPLES THEMES PROCESSES PROS AND CONS POPULARITY IN WORLD MARKET PRINCE2 CERTIFICATIONS PRINCE2 AND BUSINESS ANALYSTS INTRODUCTION â€Å"Of all the thing I’ve done, the most vital is coordinating the talents of those who work for us and pointing them towards a certain goal.† – Walt Disney. This quote is directly from Walt Disney himself. The quote has a huge relevance to project management as it can tie into the area of the subjectRead MoreProject Management Comparison of Prince2 and Pmbok5983 Words   |  24 PagesMSC756 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT TWO THE PRINCE2 METHODOLOGY: A DETAILED COMPARISON OF RELATIVE STRENGTHS TO THE PMBOK AND APPLICATION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT AUTHOR: KANE WRIGHT STUDENT: 400072002 WORD COUNT (LESS TABLE OF CONTENTS, REFERENCES, APPENDICES): 4972 DUE DATE: 28 SEPTEMBER 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION________________________________________________ _____________3 LITERATURE REVIEW______________________________________________________ _3 Backgrou

Essay on The Great Depression - 878 Words

The Great Depression In other periods of depression, it has always been possible to see some things which were solid and upon which you could base hope... but as I look around about, I now see nothing to give ground to hope.† This great quote was made by former president, Coolidge. In the great depression people in cities and towns already lost too many jobs. Farmers struggles have already been happening since the 1920s, and farmers tried to do anything to save their farms. However, farmers may have been better off than city folk. The government tried to pitch in multiple times, but did not succeed as people hoped. After the great depression, people were all shaken up and scared. Also Hoover, was not very much liked during this time†¦show more content†¦After the WW1, land prices and food dropped so low it was hard to make little to any money at all. Many farmers had a hard time paying off debts, taxes, and living expenses. To make times even tougher, 167 banks closed in 1920 and 505 in 19 21. Prices of corn dropped to 8 to 10 cents a bushel. Often the countryside smelled of popcorn, because instead oil or wood farmers used corn. Farmers led many events to save themselves and other farmers. Such examples of this would be the Cow War, Farmers Holiday Association in Des Moines. Le Mars in 1931. The Cow War was not really a war at all. Vets from ISU would come to farmer’s barns at check their cows for tuberculosis. Some farmers thought the vets were kind of shady though. They thought they were making deals with meat packer in Chicago. They thought the vets would send healthy cows to chicago, and the meat packers would send a little extra money back to the vets. Some farmers hanged an ISU dummy to protest the testing. The farmers were desperate and outraged. On many occasions, large groups of farmers showed up on a farm, and prevented the vets to the tuberculosis test. The high point of the Cow War was in Tipton in 1931. Farmers attacked state vets, but the very ne xt day the government bought it in the National Guard to end the protest. In 1932, farmers organized the Farmers Holiday Association. The president of this association was Milo Reno of Iowa. Farmers prevented other farmers from selling their productShow MoreRelatedThe Depression Of The Great Depression1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfar-reaching consequences as the Great Depression. This experience was the most extended and severe depression of the Western world. It was an economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. A large amount of America’s labor force lost their jobs and suffered during this crisis. During the nation’s financial disaster, Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president and made extensive changes to America’s political structure. The effects of the Great Depression had lasting consequences that areRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression1232 Words   |  5 Pagespeople think that the stock crash was to blame for the Great Depres sion but that is not correct. Both the crash and depression were the result of problems with the economy that were still underneath society s minds. The depression affected people in a series of ways: poverty is spreading causing farm distress, unemployment, health, family stresses and unfortunately, discrimination increases. America tended to blame Hoover for the depression and all the problems. When the 1932 election came peopleRead MoreThe Great Depression Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The world had faced two main economic problems. The first one was the Great Depression in the early of 20th Century. The second was the recent international financial crisis in 2008. The United States and Europe suffered severely for a long time from the great depression. The great depression was a great step and changed completely the economic policy making and the economic thoughts. It was not only an economic situation bit it was also miserable making, made people more attentionRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression2071 Words   |  9 PagesPaul Von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor on the 30th January 1933. The Depression did play a vital role in this, however other factors such as the Nazis propaganda, the resentment of the Weimar republic and the political situation of 1932-1933 also contributed to his success. Before the Great Depression, the Nazis gained 12 seats and 2.6% of the vote in the May election of 1928. Despite this, by July 1932, Hitler gained 230 seats and 37.3% of the vote in the Reichstag. This is a dramaticRead MoreThe Great Depression1292 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the crash Before the start of the great depression the United States was a country of great economic wealth, with new technology being invented and a boom in industry. Due to a boom in America’s Industry because of World War One the economy was at an all-time high with a tremendous amount of prosperity. Following the end of world war one the industrial might that America had was being used for peaceful, domestic purposes instead of being used for violence and war. New technologies like carsRead MoreThe Great Depression1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920’s was a decade of discovery for America. As mentioned in â€Å"who was roaring in the twenties? —Origins of the great depression,† by Robert S. McElvaine America suffered with the great depression due to several factors but it managed to stay prosperous at the end. In â€Å"America society and culture in the 1920’s,† by David A. Shannon there was much more to the great depression. It was a time of prosperity an economic change. Women and men were discovering who they were and their value to societyRead MoreThe Great Depression1551 Words   |  6 PagesThe G reat Depression was one of the most devastating events recorded in history. The nation as a whole plummeted in one economic downfall. Few individuals escaped the effects of the depression. The hardship of unemployment and the loss of homes and farms were a large portion of the pain caused by the economic crisis. Through all of these sufferings, women had a large impact on society. Women faced heavy discrimination and social criticism during the Depression Even though through research it is provenRead MoreThe Great Depression1186 Words   |  5 Pagesfriends is the true definition of of what the Great Depression really was. It was a time that most people want to never remember or ever happen again. You would think the United States would have learned from their mistakes but it seems we are going down the same road once again without even taking a step back and realizing it. When people talk about the Great Depression not a single person will have anything good to say about it. It ca used families a great deal of pain that they will never forget. WithRead MoreThe Great Depression1368 Words   |  6 PagesAfter WW1 the Great Depression had a very late impact on the major film companies in France, when it did, it unfortunately caused several film studios to go bankrupt, then in the late 1920’s to 1930’s many small film companies and groups emerged giving birth to the tendency called poetic realism. Because the large companies who made films with a focus on making money were gone the filmmakers and artists were able to concern themselves with the art of film, they often took poetic innovations thatRead MoreThe Great Depression1133 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,† is a famous quote once said during the Great Depression by Franklin D. Roosevelt. After one world war, great financial fallout, and another world war to follow, the twentieth century was already shaping out to be a handful. When the Great D epression was coming to an end and the economy was trying to turn around, jobs started opening up and a new wave of immigrants came into New York, the Puerto Ricans. For some the American dream was to come to

Abolition Of The Temporary Work Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Abolition Of The Temporary Work. Answer: The following paper concentrates on the abolition of the Temporary Work (Skilled) (subclass 457) visa and had replaced it with the new kind of visa named the Temporary Skills Shortage (TSS) visa in Australia. Significantly, this huge change has impacted in a huge way in the workforce that comes from outside countries to live in Australia and work for the Australian organizations. This change may be a political game for the current Australian government as they want to overrule the Temporary work 457 visa. This visa was approved by the Australian government in the year 1996 by the then Australian Howard government. Certain industries have been affected largely because of this because of the workforce shortage. The very simple logic they use is that if they use the workforce form the other undeveloped countries, they have to pay less wages to the. The native Australians will never agree to work at such a lower wage. The top union body of New South Wales had found that the migrant workers who come from their countries to Australia to earn their livelihood are likely to be paid much less money than those of the native people (Webb Gray, 2013). This underpayment is below the national standards and this is a matter of worry. They have felt that this practice must be stopped to establish equality in the wages. They gathered the data that almost four of the five jobs were paid under the natural rate. This amounted to 80%. The NSW Union wanted to push the rights for the proper payment to the workers and they wanted to use their collected data for this. The problem lies in the root that the migrant workers are often unaware of their rights about payment. They found an instance that a woman from South Korea was employed in the NSW Union as a translator and she said that the employers who pay below the national standard wages often tried to justify their means by some way or the other. They were pretty s ure that they were deceived by their employers as they were very much underpaid. Other migrant workers have expressed their opinions in the same way as well. A renowned lecturer has also expresses his grave concern over this issue saying that under payment for the workers has been on the rise in the last two decades (Piracha Vadean, 2013). The reason of this problem has been identified as there has been perceived a huge rise in the temporary migration and the workers being hired in the organizations are mostly the vulnerable workers. The crisis has reached at such a point because there are very few numbers of inspectors to cover every workplace in the country so the employers get the chance of escape from the legal harassments. The national standard payment for the workers is fixed at $53,900 and the temporary workers have been paid much below that rate 9Britt et al., 2012). The 457 Visa in Australia was designed by the Howard government in 1996 to emphasize on the temporary workers who lived in Australia and earned a livelihood. This was implemented by Prime Minister John Howard (Singleton et al., 2012). This Visa program was for the employers who employed the workers from overseas on a temporary basis. Later, it was found that almost 40% of the workers living in Australia from overseas did no longer work for their employers and the people who did work, were paid lower wages. The criteria for being a 457 Visa holder was that the people coming from the overseas must be able to work in Australian with a short-term six months Visa before they could apply for a new Visa. These reports conducted and collected by the Fair Work Ombudsman had created a big reason for worry in the country (Stewart Owens, 2013). The condition began to deteriorate from the end of 2014 when the Department of Immigration and Border Protection had warned the government to put some r elaxation on the rules and regulations in approving the 457 Visa (Singleton et al., 2012). The current Prime Minister of Australia, Malcolm Turnbull very recently decided to abolish this kind of Visa and introduce the TSS Visa. He explained the probable reasons for that were he thought Australian people should get more chance to work in Australia though it is considered as in immigration nation. There was a thorough data collected about the implications of the 457 Visa and this showed that the numbers allotted for allowing workers in Australia were going out of control and quality wise, some of those workers were utterly foolish (Bahn, Barratt-Pugh Yap, 2012). In this scenario, the native Australians were deprived of chances to seek a job. There has been a wide range of protests coming framing from different parts of the society. The Australian Industry Groups Innex Wilson had remarked after this incident that this is a sheer show of anti-immigration sentiment from the Australian government led by Turnbull. The Labor party has also attacked this incident as well (Kefford, 2013). Some of the industries have been affected in this context as they have to find new workers and pay higher wages to the. As a result, they have to increase their production costs as well. The kinds of occupations that will be mostly affected by this abolishment of the 457 Visa are the Information-Technology industry, Hospitality and Leisure industry and many others. The Information-Technology sector will also be hampered due to this decision (Schwalbe, 2015). Several people come to Australia on a short-term basis for study and then perhaps get good jobs there for the best companies. These opportunities may end because the recruitment process in this industry may have to be cut down at a certain extent if this decision is properly implemented. This is because many IT roles have been listed off from the preferred professions. The CEO of the IT Industry Group in Tech Sydney viewed his opinion that IT practice is kind of a job that cannot be taught but it has to be done by gaining experie nce (Schwarzer, 2014). The fact is that the people who have this experience are overseas and the government has set barriers to recruit them. The hospitality industry will be affected in a large way as well because around 15000 people work in Australia from overseas work in Australia are related to Accomodation and Food services Industry with the most important roles holding 457 Visa are tat of the chef, cook, and restaurant or the caf managers (Mok, Sparks Kadampully, 2013). Some other positions thathave been removed out of the industry are the bed and breakfast operator and travel agency managers. These have been the drawbacks of abolishing the 457 Visa ban from Australia. The new visa called the Temporary Skills shortage (TSS) will look to comprise of a short-term period of two years instead of six months and the long-term period of four years. The basic skills required to attain this visa are proficiency in English language, labor market testing and earlier skilled work experience (Duncan Dunifon, 2012). The holders must possess a mandatory police clearance certificate to ensure cleanliness in the recruitment process. The key stakeholders behind this are the government, the heads of the business organizations and legal persons. The business organizations must check their background and previous working experience. This would also ensure that the migrated workers do not become victims of lower wage payment. This would assure that the employers must pay the migrated workers the minimum Australian market salary rate i.e. $53,900. The workers who want to hold the TSS Visa are required to pass the IELTS 5 test for English proficiency (Council, 2017). As this program has to be implicated, the employers can tend to use the 457 Visa program and the current employees can begin to lodge applications for the employer nominated permanent residence under both the legal frameworks such as Employer Nomination Scheme Direct Entry Stream and Temporary Residence Transition Stream until March 2018. There will be no permanent residency pathway for the TSS visa holders (Johnson, 2017). These reforms in the visa system may incur the fact that the inefficient and foolish kind of workers can be prevented by the government and have jobs by depriving the native Australians (Johnson, 2017). However, many such industries like the IT industry and the hospitality and leisure industry may face severe consequences in recruiting new employees from overseas on a short-term basis. Another fact that they have to maintain the minimum Australian market salary will make them increase their production costs (Shepherd, 2015). This paper can be concluded by saying that the banning of 457 Visa has left big impact on the business environment in Australia. The Australian market will face severe setbacks in managing workforce because they would not be able to get so much people working for them in so less wages. In this perspective, their profits may decrease and their production costs will increase as well. The human resources will drop off and they will need to engage people at a higher salary than they used to pay before. The iT industry will suffer a setback as well as most of the talented people in this industry are available in overseas only. References Bahn, S., Barratt-Pugh, L., Yap, G. (2012). The employment of skilled migrants on temporary 457 visas in Australia: Emerging issues.Labour Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work,22(4), 379-398. Britt, H., Miller, G. C., Henderson, J., Charles, J., Valenti, L., Harrison, C., ... Pan, Y. (2012).General practice activity in Australia 2011-12(Vol. 31). Sydney University Press. Council, B. (2017). What is IELTS. Duncan, G. J., Dunifon, R. (2012). Soft-Skills and long-run labor market success. In35th Anniversary Retrospective(pp. 313-339). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Johnson, C. (2017). Welcome and concern for new visa system.Australian Medicine,29(8), 4. Kefford, G. (2013). The presidentialisation of Australian politics? Kevin Rudd's leadership of the Australian Labor Party.Australian Journal of Political Science,48(2), 135-146. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013).Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Piracha, M., Vadean, F. (2013). Migrant educational mismatch and the labour market.International handbook on the economics of migration,9, 176-192. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Schwarzer, R. (Ed.). (2014).Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Taylor Francis. Shepherd, R. W. (2015).Theory of cost and production functions. Princeton University Press. Singleton, G., Aitkin, D., Jinks, B., Warhurst, J. (2012).Australian Politcal Institutions. Pearson Higher Education AU. Stewart, A., Owens, R. J. (2013).Experience Or Exploitation?: The Nature, Prevalence and Regulation of Unpaid Work Experience, Internships and Trial Periods in Australia. Adelaide: University of Adelaide. Webb, S. A., Gray, M. (Eds.). (2013).The new politics of social work. Palgrave Macmillan.

Anerexia Nervosa Essays - Eating Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Anerexia Nervosa ANOREXIA NERVOSA In this paper, we will be describing a crucial disorder that affects many teenagers. This disorder is Anorexia Nervosa, better known as Anorexia. Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by constant dieting, rapid weight loss and the feeling of being to fat during weight loss. Most anorexics are women and teenage girls, who see their self as being overweight even though they are deathly underweight. The term Anorexia Nervosa means loss of appetite due to nerves, but the people with anorexia do not actually lose their appetite until the late stages of their starvation. Until then they just do feel hungry but they will not eat. There are numerous physical signs of anorexia but there are four main ones. They are: 1. Rapid loss of body fat 2. Wasting away of body fat 3. Pale dry skin 4. Irregular heart beat An anorexic may also have dehydration and fainting may occur. Anorexia also has many effects on the body. Anorexia may result in the shrinkage of internal organs, including the kidneys, heart, and brain. A person may also lose the ability to reproduce. As the heart muscle weakens, an irregular heart rhythm and heart failure are possible. Some other complications are: Constipation and difficulty urinating Muscle aches and cramps Swelling of joints Injuries to nerves and tendons Inability to concentrate Digestive problems People afflicted by anorexia have an extreme fear of gaining weight. In addition, to drastic dieting, they may also turn to vomiting and the use of laxatives to lose weight. Without treatment, anorexia can cause serious health problems and even lead to death. Anorexia is very dangerous, and professional help should be sought immediately. Prompt treatments will usually keep the problem from progressing, but some cases are very resistant to treatment and may require hospitalization. As many as 15 percent die from complications. Anorexia Nervosa occurs much more frequently in females than in males. The statistics show that 90% of all anorexics are females. Most often anorexia develops during adolescence or young adulthood, although there is some evidence that it may occur at a later age. Recent estimates suggest that one out of 250 teenage girl will develop anorexia. Although its focus is on food, anorexia is an illness of the mind. Often it begins with a relatively normal desire to lose a few pounds, then snow balls from many types of pressure. Some experts believe that a fear of growing up is the root of the problem. Another reason could be a subconscious rebellion against parents who set standards that are to high, consequently pressure mounts on the child and anorexia may start. All experts believe that food is not the central problem. Another reason maybe that, in our culture thin is in and dieting is normal behavior. The most effective way treating anorexia combines psychological treatment and medical consultations into one coherent whole. Psychological treatment (psychotherapy) may include either individual or family therapy. There are four major anorexic hospitals that can give help, they are in Highland Parks, Illinois, Eugene, Oregon, Columbus, Ohio, and in New York, New York. In conclusion, Anorexia Nervosa is a fearful disorder that should be taken seriously. If you know anyone who suffers from anorexia you should confront him or her immediately, and get them help. The faster you talk with them, the faster the disorder will be abolished. Physical Changes Mental/Social Changes Excessive Weight Loss Over the course of several months the person may lose 25 percent or more of their body weight. Unusual Eating Habits The person may develop unusual habits such as eating tiny bites to stretch out eating time. Absence of menstruation Rigid dieting greatly reduces female hormone levels, disrupting the menstrual cycle. Social Isolation The person may withdraw from family and friends to concentrate on losing weight. Peers may reject the person because of their behavior. Cavities and Gum Disease Poor nutrition and vomiting can damage teeth and gums. Extreme Physical Activity To burn calories and get rid of fatty tissue, the person may turn to long distance running, biking or heavy exercising. Hair, Nail, and Skin Problems Lack of protein in the diet may lead to dull stringy hair, brittle nails and dry skin. Poor Self Esteem People with anorexia generally lack self-confidence. They become

20 Cool Presentation Topics on Orientalism in the 19th Century Art

20 Cool Presentation Topics on Orientalism in the 19th Century Art Studying history and understanding the roles it has played in molding todays society is one of the great joys of students studying creative arts. The knowledge of how a style came about, what had influenced the great painters and artist of the generation provides the basis for our own personal growth and also urges great artists to create great paintings inspired by ancient cultures. This is why the study of orientalism and its influences on 19th century art is important to everyone although its importance to artist trumps all. Therefore if you are a literature student who has been saddled with writing a paper on orientalism in arts, do not view this task as a burden but as a subject matter you need to learn in order to prosper. This article is also intended to make your writing task easier for it will provide sample topics and a sample essay which should serve as a great piece of referencing material on how to introduce orientalism as well as draft intelligent, and structured essays on your chosen topic. Orientalist Art as a Means of Cultural Imperialism The 1798 French Invasion of Egypt and its Influences on 19th Century Art Orientalism and its Influence on 19th Century French Artworks Orientalism and its Influence on 19th Century British Art Orientalism and its Influence on 19th Century Italian Art The Religion of the Orients and 19th Century Art Romanticism, 19th Century Art and the Orients Historical Representation of North African Women in 19th Century Art Women and Orientalism: 19th Century Representation of the Harems Making a Case for Exoticism as an Influence in Oriental Art The Inaccuracies between Oriental Art and the Oriental Culture it Represents The Turkish Menace, Exoticism and 19th Century Oriental Art The Imaginary Orient and 19th Century Europe A History of Orientalism and the Roles Played by 19th Century Painters Perceptions and Misconceptions of Islam in 19th Century Art Landscapes of Istanbul as an imaginary Oriental City through the Eyes of English Painters How Authentic were 19th Century Art in Representing Life in the Orients? Oriental Harems and 19th Centurys Fascination with Islamic Women An Introduction to Oriental Art of the 19th Century 19th Century Orientalist Art and Racism This concludes our 20 topics made available for you to give you choice. They can also serve as a source of inspiration for those who plan to tweak the subject matter a little bit to fit your particular needs. Be sure to also check our 10 facts for presentation on orientalism in the 19th century and our guide with specific instructions on how to nail such an assignment. Next is a sample essay on one of the topics listed above and that should also serve as a template when writing your orientalism in 19th century art. Art Presentation: A History of Orientalism and the Roles Played by 19th Century Painters Orientalism is the general term used by scholars in art, history, literature and music to depict eastern cultures from Eastern Asia, South Asia and North Africa. While orientalism in art can narrowly be defined as art created by western artists of the 19th century depicting life and the culture of the orients. Although the Orients, which means the East, had been known and visited by people of the West since the 12th century, the longing to visit the orients and create art concerning its cultures became widespread in the 19th century due to the exotic tales and the art they inspired in the hearts of Western audiences. The year 1798 which saw Napoleon invaded Egypt in his quest to expand Frances international reach is officially credited with reviving the interest of Western artists and scholars in the orients. The French presence in Egypt wasnt just military in nature for artist and scholars tailed the army with the aim of documenting Napoleons battles and the culture of the faraway places they encountered. This led to written works and landscape depictions of life in the orients as early as 1801. The Romanization of oriental cultures, its women and religion commenced sometime in 1820 as stories of violence, slavery and barbarism were told in the West by people who claimed to have been in the orients. These stories had drastically increased Western interest about life in the Far East and resulted in multiple pilgrimages by westerners to the Orients. In France, the term orientalism in art was finally coined and the Society of Orientalist Painters was founded in 1893 to provide artists painting depictions of Eastern life an official umbrella to congregate. At this time, European artist had started influencing the public opinion of oriental culture with art works that became famous and quite popular in Europe. These art works which emphasized on violence, eroticism and barbarism painted easterners in a certain light and served as propagandistic tools for European leaders, interested in conquering the orients. Orientalism scholar Edward Said, credits 19th century painters with dehumanizing oriental cultures and creating an enabling environment that supported European exploitation at the time. Notable artists such as Jean-Leon Gerome, Jean-Auguste Ingres and Delacroix, reinforced the belief in oriental barbarism with their famous paintings. Ironically, the inspiration for their paintings were from 3rd party accounts and the vivid imaginations of the artists themselves. An example of how 19th century painters affected the public opinion on oriental culture was on the subject matter of Muslim women and harems in the orients. Artist depictions told highly sexualized stories of oriental women, while panting its men as randy totalitarian masters of the household who used and discarded women at their whims. The effects of these depictions could be seen in Europes approach to slavery, their disregard for women of the orients and the irrational fear of Islam which led to several wars aimed at bringing civilization to the orients. The influence of 19th century painters can be likened to that of the media today and the power it wields in shaping the perceptions of people concerning a subject matter. Although not all 19th century painters created orientalist art as tools for propaganda, the end result of how these artworks were used was inevitable due to the elitist posturing of European leaders in the 19th century. References: Suren, L. (2010). Photography, Vision and Production of Modern Bodies, 70-80. https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=CUqSSoRvMv4Cpg=PA70lpg=PA70dq=photography+in+the+orients+were+stagedsource=blots=qR43dgAH9fsig=GAq35pM-yQMWAZz8ejglR9kolfMhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjbtIn6xNbMAhUlKMAKHeaSAjoQ6AEIGDAA#v=onepageq=photography%20in%20the%20orients%20were%20stagedf=false Irwin, R. (2006).  Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and Its Discontents Princeton Archeology Journal, Global and Views: Nineteenth Century Travel Photographs. http://web.princeton.edu/sites/Archaeology/rp/globalviews/gv1.html Jiman, M. (2009). Representation of Middle-Eastern Women in Orientalist Paintings in Nineteenth Century: A Comparison of French and Italian Orientalists. https://theskinnyjeanrant.com/2014/05/01/representation-of-middle-eastern-women-in-orientalist-paintings-in-nineteenth-century-a-comparison-of-french-and-italian-orientalists/ Alexandra, J. (2009). Orientalism in French Nineteenth Century Art: The Enigma of the East. http://bestamericanart.blogspot.com.ng/2014/05/orientalism-in-french-nineteenth.html?m=1 Nancy, D. (2008). The Origins of Orientalism. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-modern/intro-becoming-modern/a/orientalism Thomson, G. (2008). The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences: Orientalism. encyclopedia.com/topic/Orientalism.aspx

Escobar's essay on post-development Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Escobar's on post-development - Essay Example The catastrophe in developing mentalist discussion can be viewed in at least two ways. First, incapability of dangerous thinking and most communal powers to imagine a new domain, which finally leaves behind the fantasy of development, and that rise above development’s dependence on western historicity and modernity. On the other, the appearance of an influential social movement discussion that although still unclear about its possible instructions, has quickly become a privileged arena for political action and intellectual inquiry. The majority of assessment of development spoken within the cultural and epistemological freedom it defines has reached a stalemate. Therefore, the current disaster does not call for an improved method of doing development not even for other development. An evaluation of the perform and discourse of development, nevertheless can help clear the ground for a more fundamental collective imagining of the option future. According to this analysis, development has to be making out for strategy and discovery created by the first world concerning third world being underdeveloped. Thus, development should not only be observed as an instrument of economic power over the social and physical reality of much of Latin America, Africa and Asia. It has been the primary tool through which these fractions of the world have been shaped and have twisted themselves, thus ruling out or marginalizing other ways doing and seeing. Because post-world war II dialogue of development is resolutely well established in the western economy and modernity, the difficulty appears complex. To imagine about options to the development, therefore, necessitate a hypothetical practical transformation of the ideas economy, modernity and development. This change can be best attain by construction upon the practices of social movements,

2013 Mercedes-Benz SL-Classe Commercial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2013 Mercedes-Benz SL-Classe Commercial - Essay Example This is attributable to the fact that the adverts stays in the viewer’s minds longer than any other form of commercial advert. The visual aspect of the television commercial makes for a more instant and identifiable awareness of the product than other forms likes radio or print media (Shimp 2008 p.383). Mercedes-Benz Company is not an exception. It has embarked on promoting its new brand 2013 Mercedes-Benz SL-Classe. The commercial runs for about ten minutes. The advert is divided into parts, namely theatrical features, driving features design and roadster. The management believes that the promotion will give the car a warm reception leading to increased sales. This paper will explore the various features of 2013 Mercedes-Benz SL-Classe as portrayed by the commercial, and provides an analysis of its intended purposes. The commercial begins by portraying the theatrical and active body control features of the car. At the beginning, it shows a handsome man coming to board the car with suitcase. He goes straight to the bonnet of the car to keep his luggage. However, it is amazing to see that the boot operates on hands free access ‘kick’ to open. The procedure is also followed in closing the boot (Mercedes-Benz SL-Class 2013). This implies that the car has an automated active body control. The driver switches the button and the car’s roof opens and folds towards the bonnet at the back. This feature seems to inform the audience that it is the prerogative of the owner to decide whether to have the rooftop of the car closed or not. The feature also makes the car look sporty and luxurious which most customers want. From the advert, you can be at a position to watch and hear that the car is environmental friendly. It does not produce a lot of noise. The ignition also does not produce a lot of smoke. From this point of view, the company is trying to tell viewers that the car has been manufactured in line with the environmental conservation goals . In fact, nobody in the world I do believe would prefer to buy a car that pollutes the environment. This feature will help lure many people to buy the sporty car (2013 Mercedes SL Commercial 2011). The commercial also reveals that the car is ignited using a button as opposed to a key as is commonly the case with most cars. I believe this is much of a selling point of the car. The use of manual key ignition looks much antiquated and with the advancement in technology, this is the right direction. The use of a button also helps in saving time (Video New Mercedes-Benz SL 2013 Commercial, 2011). Since many consumers like entertainments, the car has a surround sound system to keep the users entertained. This is a feature well thought by the advertisers and will help drive sales. Many celebrities in the world like entertainment and this feature as brought out in the advert will see many celebrities going for it (Mercedes-Benz SL-Class 2013, 2012). From the television advert, viewers are also able to see the design features of the car. This includes the shape, headlights, and color. For example, the advert uses a dark gray car to do the work. However, the management also states that the car exists in a variety of colors from which customers can choose. The car looks cool and the shape is just perfect. From the commercial, you can also be able to see the luxurious two seats of the car made of leather materials. Here, I believe that customer’s attention is drawn to comfort that the seats brings. The headlights of the car also look perfect in this advert (Mercedes-Benz SL-Class 2013, 2012). The television commercial also gives viewers a chance to observe the engine make-up. Here, one is able to see that the car has a V-6 engine known as SL350. The engine

Is Nick a Good Narrator Essay Example for Free

Is Nick a Good Narrator Essay As the teller of facts for all of his observations, Nick proves to be a reliable narrator for this story. He is unaffected by what goes on around him, despite people bringing him into personal situations. Nick is factual with details. He is as well, a very private person though, and tells us little of himself during the events. In telling us about his growing up years shows us that Nick has learned many admirable things. In Chapter 1 he tells us how he was raised and the advices given him by his father. These included council on how to speak to people in general. As quoted by Nick, his father told him â€Å" ‘Whenever you feel like criticizing any one’ he told me, ‘just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had. ’ â€Å" He admits to us here that â€Å"In consequence I’m inclined to reserve all judgments†. He did not appear to like being drawn into drama and would avoid it at all cost. The abnormal mind is quick to detect and attach itself to this quality when it appears in a normal person, and so it came about that in college I was unjustly accused of being a politician, because I was privy to the secret griefs of wild, unknown men. Most of the con? dences were unsought frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or a hostile levity when I realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon. † When describing events, Nick seems again unattached. He tells us what people wear, what they say and how they say it, with much emotion. On his own home in the af? uent area that he had moved (Chapter 2) â€Å"My own house was an eye-sore, but it was a small eye-sore, and it had been overlooked, so I had a view of the water, a partial view of my neighbor’s lawn, and the consoling proximity of millionaires all for eighty dollars a month. When he tells us about Tom he explains (Chapter 2) â€Å"His speaking voice, a gruff husky tenor, added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed. There was a touch of paternal contempt in it, even toward people he liked—and there were men at New Haven who had hated his guts. When he introduces Daisy and Jordon for the ? rst time in (Chapter 2) â€Å"The only completely stationary object in the room was an enormous couch on which two young women were buoyed up as though upon an anchored Is Nick a good Narrator? ESSAY THE GREAT GATSBY! PJD balloon. They were both in white and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had just been blown back in after a short flight around the house. † he then goes on with further detail â€Å"The younger of the two was a stranger to me. She was extended full length at her end of the divan, completely motionless and with her chin raised a little as if she were balancing something on it which was quite likely to fall. If she saw me out of the corner of her eyes she gave no hint of it—indeed, I was almost surprised into murmuring an apology for having disturbed her by coming in. The other girl, Daisy, made an attempt to rise—she leaned slightly forward with a conscientious expression— then she laughed, an absurd, charming little laugh, and I laughed too and came forward into the room. The only time we see him express any real emotion is when he realizes that they are all sitting around doing a lot of nothing except to anger and upset each other and that not one person has wished him a ‘Happy Birthday’ that day. He himself, until that moment had forgotten that he turned 30 on that extraordinarily hot day (Chapter 7) â€Å"‘No I just remembered that today’s my birthday. ’ I was thirty. Before me stretched the portentous menacing road of a new decade. † Nick’s privacy is highlighted in events that have taken place in the novel, but not carried forward with any great detail. Though he describes his college year, followed by his time in the army and going to war, he leaves a lot of personal things out. The ? rst couple of things that stand out regarding his personal privacy. He makes friends with a co-worker and after knowing each other a very short time, the two decide to rent a house together in the country. The friend is shipped off to Washington by the ? rm immediately on renting â€Å"a weather beaten cardboard bungalow at eighty a month†. In that same paragraph, we learn that Nick has a dog with him â€Å"at least I had him for a few days until he ran away. Nor does he talk about having a girlfriend out west or someone that he has befriended at very least, though in Chapter 2 after he meets his cousin Daisy, her husband (and Nick’s former classmate) Tom and their friend Jordan Baker (a Is Nick a good Narrator? ESSAY THE GREAT GATSBY! PJD professional golfer). Daisy suddenly says to Nick, as he is leaving â€Å" ‘I forgot to ask you something, and it’s important. We heard you were engaged to a girl out West. ’ â€Å" Nick wards of the question saying â€Å" ‘It’s libel. I’m too poor. â€Å" He then goes on privately that he was aware of this story, but that it was not true. He says â€Å"The fact that gossip had published the banns was one of the reasons I had come east. † He only refers to the woman at hand as an â€Å"old friend†. Nick spoke with clarity on the events of the summer. He described in detail, the costuming and events, the locations and people. Nick seemed unbiased and disconnected in an unemotional way, until the events of his own birthday. Overall, Nick seemed to have a good grasp of the people and events of that summer, while leaving details of himself to be determined.

Women in Shakespeares Sonnet 130 Essay -- Sonnet 130 Shakespeare Wome

Women in Shakespeare's Sonnet 130 Shakespeare is expressing, though not in the first person, that he knows women are not the perfect beauties they are portrayed to be and that we should love them anyway. He uses two types of descriptions, one of their physical beauty and the other of their characteristics to make fun of all those ‘romantic’ poets trying to ‘brown nose’ the girls they like. One of the physical attributes, in the first quatrain, that he mentions is his â€Å"mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun,† meaning she has no ‘twinkle’ in her eyes. In the first quatrain, he also speaks of coral as being â€Å"far more red† than the lips of his mistress; this is a use of imagery to show her non-beauty. He also recognizes that there are â€Å"no such roses† on her cheeks in the second quatra...

How are Transnationalism and Europeanisation transforming the political geographies of nation-States? Discuss, with examples.

Abstract Transnationalism and Europeanistaion is the concept of downloading the structures of the European Union (EU) to the domestic level.When implementing such structures, however, the changes that are made within State territories are extended to include shared beliefs, rules, discourses, identities and policies. This, in effect, seems to be a two way process which provides territorial States with greater control over the political geographies of their nation States. Although this affects the attainment of a fully integrated EU, the same structures are still being employed which demonstrates the overall impact Europeanisation has upon nation States. This study will examine the effect Transnationalism and Europeanisation has upon the political geographies of nation States and a demonstration as to how the political geographies of these States are transformed will be given. Introduction Transnationalism refers to the transborder relations and interactions that exist between individuals, firms, institutions and groups. In doing so, the cultural and political characteristics of nation States combine, which in turn leads to Europeanisation (Featherstone and Radaelli, 2003). Europeanisation is defined as; â€Å"an incremental process of re-orienting the direction and shape of politics to the extent that EC political and economic dynamics become part of the organisational logic of national politics and policy making† (Howell, 2002: 6). Overall, Europeanisation is the downloading, to the domestic level, of European Union (EU) regulations, directives, regulations and institutional structures. Transnationalism and Europeanisation are therefore concerned with the inter-relationships between individuals, States and territories, which transforms the political geographies of nation-States. This study will demonstrate how Transnationalism and Europeanisation transforms th e political geographies of nation-States by reviewing relevant academic literature within this area and providing applicable examples of how Transnationalism and Europeanisation transforms the boundaries, divisions and possession of States. The difficulties with attaining completing EU integration will also be discussed, followed by a review as to whether the current processes are effective or not. Overview of how Transnationalism and Europeanisation are transforming the political geographies of territorial States Political geographies of territorial States are defined by borders, despite the fact that the EU intends to establish a fully integrated system. Transnationalism and Europeanisation impacts the political geographies of such States by making a distinction between State sovereignty and European integration and subsequently abrogating State sovereignty (Jacobsson et al; 2013: 70). The understanding of Transnationalism and Europeanisation has, nonetheless, been extremely complex for some time, although Europeanisation is generally considered a paradigm of Transnationalism (Maria, 2010: 1). Transnationalism and Europeanisation therefore describes the two way process of policy change that occurs between the EU and domestic governance structures. This is different from European integration, which relates to the one way process of the EU’s impact upon Member States. Distinct structures of governance are thus created through Europeanisation (Cowles et al, 2001: 1) and consist of  "formal and informal rules, procedures, policy paradigms, styles, shared beliefs and norms† (Featherstone and Radaelli, 2003: 30). The development of these distinct structures of governance has, nonetheless, been considered to generate â€Å"adaptational pressures† that are conditioned upon the ‘goodness of fit’ between EU and national policies (Cowels et al; 2001: 2). Accordingly, Europeanisation is a process of change whereby domestic structures are influenced by the processes of the EU system of governance. These are then used to shape the policy outcomes of domestic actors (Dyson and Goetz, 2003, 20), which is said to remove the borders of geographical territories within the EU. Regardless, borders are still important in helping to develop territories that are divided by State boundaries and in analysing modern political geography (Nelles and Walther, 2011: 6). Boundaries also form part of an ideology and are effective in demonstrating the limits associated with territorial ownership and control (Herrschel, 2011: 173). Borders are therefore necessary in distinguishing between territorial States. Since the Revolutions of 1989 overthrew the communist States, however, significant transformations have been made to the borders contained within the EU. The concept of Europeanisation has had a significant effect upon nation States, though at the same time it has developed multifaceted contours. This is due to the fact that it is such a contested notion and is resultantly extremely difficult to define. It has, however, recently been described as a â€Å"social act having politico-geographical motivations† (Marciacq, 2012: 1). Whilst there are many different conceptions of Europeanisation, it cannot be said that they are all equally sound. This causes controversy within the political geographies of territorial States and as argued by Driver (1991: 268); â€Å"what was once considered a moribund backwater is now fertile ground for original research and lively debate.† Nevertheless, Europeanisation is the transnational flow of people, ideas, practices and customs across all EU borders (Ydesen, 2013: 172). Not only does Europeanisation have an effect upon Member States, but it is also has an effect upon Non-Member States. T his occurs as a result of the EU’s co-operation with third countries and as expressed by neo-institutionalists; â€Å"the analysis of the organisational field of the external dimension of EU migration policy reveals interorganisational dynamics that are likely to impact on the policy output in non-Member States and shape Europeanisation processes† (Wunderlich, 2009: 22). Development of the Argument Europeanisation has transformed the political geographies of many territorial States and has had a positive impact upon the conflicts that occur between Member and Non-Member States, through integration and close association (Featherstone and Radaelli, 2003). Nevertheless, as Germany and Poland have failed to integrate fully, much confliction still exists between the two territories (Kratke, 2007: 1). The German side of the border is detrimentally affected, whilst the Polish side of the border has improved economically (Nelles and Walther, 2011: 6). One of the main objectives of Europeanisation was to ensure that States became fully integrated, yet many barriers still exist. This has been described as an â€Å"unnatural and dysfunctional unit† (Ohmae, 1995: 42), though it is unclear whether such borders will ever be fully opened up (Mingus, 2006: 577). If the EU is to become fully integrated, this will be a necessary requisite although it is likely that many States will be rel uctant to become borderless for fear that sovereignty will be undermined. In addition, borders are now being used in order to resolve many underlying issues that arise within the EU, such as immigration, crime and environmental problems. As a result, borders are being recognised as having significant importance and although it is important that the EU becomes fully integrated, it is also necessary for effective controls to exist (Gabbe, 2010). Cross-border co-operation will be capable of allowing for â€Å"the discovery and furtherance of common interests and the acknowledgement of differences† (O’Dowd, 2010: 32). Arguably, it is clear that divides continue to exist within the EU and it is questionable whether these can be overcome given the cultural and political differences that exist within territorial States. Provided that State co-operate with each other, effective Europeanisation will be ascertained; â€Å"cross-border co-operation helps lessen the disadvantages of the border, overcome the periphery status of the border regions and imp rove the living standards of people in the area† (Gronau, 2011: 3). Therefore, if territorial States, such as Poland and Germany, co-operate with each other and embrace the changes that are being created by Europeanisation, the problems that currently exist will be overcome. Cross-border boundaries produce many difficulties for the attainment of a fully integrated EU, yet it has been suggested that boundaries are actually â€Å"fading away in the post-modern, globalized world† (Passi, 2010: 678). Therefore, although Transnationalism and Europeanisation are transforming the political geographies of territorial States and establishing an integrated EU, territoriality still exists. It remains to be seen whether this will ever be any different given that boundaries are a symbol of sovereignty. Furthermore, because Europeanisation still has an impact upon Member and Non-Member States alike, it is questionable whether a borderless world is in fact needed since the structures of the EU are still being adopted regardless (Gabbe, 2010: 3). Consequently, it appears in view of this that closed borders are primarily required to tackle immigration, crime and environmental problems and that as a result of Europeanisation, territorial States are adopting the str uctures of the EU regardless as to whether the borders are open or closed. Therefore, whilst a fully integrated EU would be advantageous, it cannot be said whether the drive for this exists as a real entity or a mere political entity. Transnationalism and Europeanisation have evidently transformed the management of borders both inside and outside the EU by striving for integration and co-operation. However, many believe that the ‘Fortress Europe’ notion still exists (Willem, 2006: 13). Since the Schengen Agreement was entered into in 1995, however, the EU has become even more integrated. This has been considered one of the â€Å"greatest achievements of the EU† (European Commission, 2013: 1). The Schengen Agreement provided the EU with an area that exists without internal borders, which provides individuals with the ability to circulate freely without being subjected to border checks. Whilst this makes it easier for citizens within the internal borders, tighter controls are placed upon the external borders to ensure the protection of those within the Schengen area (Alscher, 2005: 126). This effectively creates a Fortress Europe on the external borders whilst creating a free Europe on the intern al ones. Whilst Europeanisation transforms the political geographies of nation States, it is internalised differently and depends entirely upon the territorial States willingness to change. Therefore, whilst Europeanisation does strongly influence integration, it has been pointed out that the process is â€Å"uneven at both the domestic and regional level† (Anastasakis, 2005: 77). This is because at the regional level differentiation and diversity continues to persist amongst countries and at the domestic level there is a constant battle between reform and reaction. Europeanisation is simply a process that territorial States are to adopt in order to achieve economic integration and create a set of ideals that are being conformed to by all EU Member States. Yet, the workability of this will depend entirely upon the willingness of territorial States. Co-operation amongst States should therefore be encouraged in order to overcome any problems that arise with regards to cross-border relations and to provide adequate protection to citizens. It is unlikely that this will be achieved with ease given the lack of co-operation that currently exists in territories such as G ermany and Poland, yet provided that nation States have a common set of goals, any sensitivity that exists will be dealt with accordingly. Conclusion Overall, Transnationalism and Europeanisation transforms the political geographies of nation-States by establishing common goals and desires that are to be adopted by all States within the EU. Whilst Europeanisation generally seeks to achieve an integrated Europe, territorial States are still being defined by borders. However, in spite of this Transnationalism and Europeanisation still impacts the political geographies of nation States by distinguishing between State sovereignty and European integration. Borders of geographical territories are said to be removed by Europeanisation, yet many borders still exist in order to maintain control and securitization. Europeanisation has, nevertheless, transformed the political geographies of many territorial States by positively impacting the conflicts that transpire between Member and Non-Member States. This is achieved through integration and close association, yet not all States have successfully integrated. This is due to the reluctance o f States to abrogate sovereignty. As a result, divides continue to exist within the EU, despite the attempts that have been made to the adoption of Europeanisation. Hence, it is questionable whether these divides can be rectified given the cultural and political differences that exist within territorial States. The attainment of a fully integrated EU seems to be affected as a result of this, yet the same structures of Europeanisation are still being incorporated regardless of the fact that cross-border boundaries are still being maintained by some States. Thus, because Europeanisation still impacts upon Member and Non-Member States, it is unclear whether a borderless world is needed given that borders help to tackle immigration, crime and environmental problems. Still, it is manifest that Transnationalism and Europeanisation does transform the political geographies of nation-States as a whole. References Alscher, S. (2005) ‘Knocking at the doors of â€Å"Fortress Europe†: Migration and Border Control in Southern Spain and Eastern Poland’, The Centre for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California, Working Paper 126. Anastasakis, O. (2005) ‘The Europeanisation of the Balkans’ Brown Journal of World Affairs, Volume 12, Issue 1. Cowles, M. G., Caporaso J. A. & Risse Th. (eds.) (2001), Europeanisation and Domestic Change, New York: Ithaca. Driver, F. (1991) ‘Political Geography and State Formation: Disputed Territory’ Progress in Human Geography, Volume 15, Issue 1. Dyson, K. & Goetz, K. H. (eds.) (2003), Germany, Europe and the Politics of Constraint, Oxford; Oxford University Press. European Commission. (2013) ‘Schengen, Borders and Visas’ Home Affairs, [Online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/index_en.htm [17 February 2014]. Featherstone, K. & Radaelli, C. (eds.) (2003), The Politics of Europeanisation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gabbe, J. (2010) ‘Legal Status of Cross-Border Co-Operation Structures – Past, Present and Prospects’ [Online] Available at: http://enpi.interact-eu.net/downloads/40/AEBR_Factsheet_Legal_Status_of_Cross_Border_Cooperation_Structures_Past_Present_and_Prospects.pdf [17 February 2014]. Gronau, A. (2011) ‘European Charter for Border and Cross-Border Regions’ [Online] Available: http://www.aebr.eu/files/publications/110915_Charta_EN_clean.pdf [17 February 2014]. Herrschel, T. (2011) Borders in Post-Socialist Europe: Territory Scale Society, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Howell, K. (2002). ‘Developing Conceptualizations of Europeanisation and European Integration: Mixing Methodologies’ ESRC Seminar Series / UACES Study Group on the Europeanization of British Politics, Research Unit for Institutional Governance. Jacobsson, B. Laegreid, P. and Pedersen, O. K. (2013) Europeanisation & the Transformation of States, London, Routledge, Political Science. Kratke, S. (2007) Metropolisation of the European Economic Territory as a Consequence of Incerasing Specialisation of Urban Agglomerations in the Knowledge Economy, European Planning Studies, Volume 15, Issue 1. Marciacq, F. (2012) ‘The Political Geographies of Europeanisation: Mapping the Contested Conceptions of Europeanisation’ Journal of Contemporary European Research, Volume 8, Number 1. Maria, A. (2010) ‘Approaching the Euopreanisation process from a cosmopolitan perspective’ [Online] Available at: http://www.idec.gr/iier/new/Europeanization%20Papers%20PDF/Angelopoulou%20-%20Approaching%20the%20Europeanisation%20process%20from%20a%20cosmopolitan%20perspective.pdf [17 February 2014]. Nelles, J. and Walther, O. (2011) Changing European Borders: From Separation to InterfaceAn Introduction, Journal of Urban Research, [Online] Available: http://articulo.revues.org/1658 [17 February 2014]. Mingus, M. S. (2006) Transnationalism and Subnational Paradiplomacy: Are Governance Networks Perforating SovereigntyInternational Journal of Public Administration, Volume 29, Issue 8. Nelles, J. and Walther, O. (2011) Changing European Borders: From Separation to InterfaceAn Introduction, Journal of Urban Research, [Online] Available: http://articulo.revues.org/1658 [17 February 2014]. O’Dowd, L. (2010) The Changing Significance of European Borders, Regional and Federal Studies, Volume 12, Issue 4. Ohmae, K. (1995) The End of the Region State: The Rise of Regional Economies. London: Harper Collins. Paasi, A. (2010) Boundaries as Social Practice and Discourse: The Finnish-Russian Border, Regional Studies, Volume 33, Issue 7. Willem, P. (2006) ‘Freedom of Movement within Fortress Europe’ Archive of European Integration, Biennial Conference 2005. Wunderlich, D. (2009) ‘Governance Networks in the External Dimension of EU Migration Policy: Europeanisation Through the Grapevine?’ [Online] Available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/33165/1/wunderlich._daniel.pdf [17 February 2014]. Ysden, C. (2013) ‘Europeanisation Education: Governing a New Policy Space’ Journal of Education Policy. Best Foot Scrubber available at: http://bestmakeuplooks.com/beauty/best-foot-scrubber/

Liberal vs. Conservative Views on Teen Pregnancy - 649 Words

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