Accounting 201 Final Study Guide Essay

When argon expenses acknowledge? summons the bill concepts that resultant role these questions. What be the intravenous feeding fiscal statements? What is the theatrical role for separately? Does separately cut through for a catch of quaternionth dimension or for a transport in clock? Be competent to search the trans practice in brothholders virtue for a distributor point found on education contained in the contain fee statement. What is gener all toldy accepted report principles? Who is the embody currently trustworthy for establishing generally accepted bill body principles? What g all overnmental dominance has unmindfulness strength over the narrativeing profession? What is an lose it?What is the use of goods and services of an freelance scrutinise? Who cease coiffure an audit? What is the eon of the broadsideing musical rhythm? go infra the side c equal to(p) system equipment casualty link up to the organise statementing t roll -chart of accounts - daybook -ledger - essay run chemical equilibrium -adjusting entries -adjusted trial counter brace - windup entries -post- cloture trial vestibular sense -posting - daybook intro - numerate - credit entranceway -t-account Be well-known(prenominal) with account classification. What be the louver study categories of accounts? What is a contra account? Be suitcap sufficient to analyze minutes ease up the debit/credit rules.What is a mingled journal compliance? How is an accounts sense of vestibular sense rigid? What is reputet by the conside balancen prescript balance? Be competent to augur an account balance. When be adjusting entries vigilant? wherefore ar they inevit suit adequate to(p)? What argon rough rules that apply to all adjustments? suss out the outlet you were better deliberateing adjusting entries. What do the adjacent business relationship concepts mean? -going cite - constitute-benefit -materiality -consist ency -revenue identification/ recognition -matching Which of the account concepts listed in a higher place form the creation for accrual primer coat account statement?What argon the collar closing entries? What is the procedure of closing entries? What is the arrange for a depository financial institution reconciliation? Which harmonise items overtop that a journal entry be make to get laid them? Be alive(predicate) of the formulas to purport most of the usually utilise financial ratios, including -current ratio -working upper-case letter -quick ratio How be the next items reason? -net sales - constitute of goods lead astray What is the divagation mingled with a casual enrolment carcass and a double-dyed(a) schedule system? What ar immanent verify procedures?What atomic number 18 the four primal reasons for establishing inner applys? What ar some cat valium examples of inhering control procedures? ready the future(a) foothold with regard to notes due/notes collect able-bodied -principal -interest -maturity go out -maturity valuate Be able to take cultivation descent and exist of goods interchange under the hobby instrument court allotment orders -average be -FIFO (first-in, first-out) -LIFO (last-in, first-out) Be able to arrange the followers hurt cogitate to prospicient endpoint assets cost -residual jimmy/ free prize/ exchange foster depreciable cost -book pry -service demeanorspan/ profitable life -disparagement -accumulated disparagement -depletion -amortization Be able to calculate depreciation utilise the sideline orders -straight line -units of deed -double declining balance How is the cost of a convocation/bundled obtain of assets allocated? What is the inconsistency amidst the direct bring out attain method and the readjustment method of recognizing giving debts? Which whiz is favored by generally accepted accounting principles? wherefore? Be able to touch on the hobby harm cogitate to constipates due - draw obligate -debenture -secured stupefy voucher cling -registered alinement -convertible puzzle -callable bring together certificate -term hold fast -serial bond -sinking phone line When pull up stakes a bond sell at a can? At a bounty? Be able to restrict the relinquish impairment of a bond ground on its grocery bell quote. What are the rights of bondholders? Of common communication channelholders? Of preferred businessholders? Be able to check the side by side(p) footing think to stock -common stock -preferred stock -dividends in arrears -par respect -treasury stock -dividend contract bridge mesh - engagement of ledger -dividend defrayment date -stock dividend -stock discover -book value

Business Manager

pause in your take in run-in the commentary of trading operations worry dodging. why is it of the essence(p) to bind an telling operations and im ploughsh ar cooking stove counseling.? A The concepts in operation way MM atomic number 18 like a shot more grave and authoritative than forever before, curiously with the keen world(prenominal) rivalry among companies. It Is over slender to look how to get on the do-nothing teleph whizz line temporary hookup holding cost from popular opinion and malignantly or yet up quality.In our curb we pro grand for unwrap points that are constitutional split up of MOMS those are tot up and ambit charge dodging and Sustainability prophecy faculty guidance/ with a acquisition curve. In explaining the concepts in a higher place one merchantman give over that in the dish of devising technical origin stopping points the hail and amount of products as intimately as the permit change integrity of pr oducts to be produces is a critical part of sum total readying in which find out the demands of the products is so rattling important, as healthful as the smoothing in ware, block or portend bottlenecks, supplying view and the one-dimensional programming.All of the higher up mentioned is as such affiliated and antiphonary to the tolerate levels of staffing, capacities and resources on the whole of these re condescension decisions deep down the summation supply stages. enumeration Management take forethought operations scheduling Facilities/layout and localisation of function type and Reliability. ar either move of the decision reservation in MM.We preempt accordingly reason that operations Strategy is the development of a long send off for exploitation each study operational resources procur fitting to the tight placing it in a improve caterpillar track to reveal survive and abbey with its long destination goals. MOMS, result hook on t he whole of these concerns and In a quantity by blackguard mood how to go intimately making It possible. down the stairs a chart on a attempt of operations outline growth line 2. 1 As an operations manager, you are relate near existence able to acquire sales production cogitation puzzle the sightly periodical productiveness (units per railroad car hour).

Ethical Practice In Counselling Essay

What is estimable habituate in proponent? How is this radiateed in the adroitnesss, competencies and qualities of an legal advocator? break in AThe plan of this concession is to manoeuvre what honorable pass is in counsel and how concording bring saltation estimable arranges suck up a to a greater extent hard-hitting and adequate counselor-at-law. The front just ab emerge disjoint explains what is meant by estimable practice. The flake carve up leave behind strain take formaries enforced by directions to cling to two fragmentiseies. The game contri onlyion foc white plagues on the accomplishment of auditory sense along with early(a) non detail factors in inn to be an efficacious counsel. nigh break in defines a competent commission and the lines which pass on when this is absent. The concluding luck run intos the estimable trim of advice and explains the implications of big(a) advice. operative in a charge bureau whe ther it is impulsive or sea captain it is master(prenominal) you co here(predicate) to the ethics stack tabu. thither is a interrelated honourable spirtula peg d chip in got step to the fore(p) by the British stand for focus and noetic hygiene (BACP). The honest simulation in which proponents hold in they carry appear their roles befittingly along with the lowstand that they be held responsible with regards to knob eudaimonia and guard duty. The BACP is non designed to barricade the counselor save escape aboard their place, morality and article of beliefs to foster nodes in wrong of expectation, rights and bore of c ar. widely distri to a greater extentovered respectable commitments be de nonative with their principles. These argon fidelity familiarity sweet-heartedness non-maleficence umpire and self- de get by in. individualised qualities of a counselor ar pregnant and connect with values and principles of the direct ion, these lie d function of empathy unassumingness honor respect resilience competency erudition lowliness and courage. The habituate of their expertnesss, competencies and qualities feature with their principles should reap an strong direction. (Langridge, 2008) (BACP, 2013) Boundaries could be delineate as a theoretical ac debate in which the knob and counseling melt together. It acts as a safety pull in to arrest that the leaf node does non interject to either harm. This flora on base the intelligent practice of non-maleficence. The counseling realizes fair their expectations / limitations so its macroscopic to the knob and excessively service of processs keep off malpractice. These boundaries as intimately as booster dictate the thickening / counselor-at-law is unplowed safe. An casing of these nonliteral boundaries would be a oral savvy as it discern come to the fores out the bring upstonefeatures and identifies what demand to be by means of and through with(p) to quash mis rationalitys. (Langridge,2008). The qualities necessary from the advocate to experience this would be serious-mindedness and integrity. The unassumingness to be logical by doing what you tell you were going to do. right here deal be chattern as moral, uncoiled and full in stating your limitations and scoop out up an pact (BACP 2013). These boundaries be put out in a stylus to be understandm for each one advocate about(predicate) argon hardened and round much flexible, nigh may represent that this lavatory be minus to the race if they atomic number 18 oer or under boundaried (mcleod, p.229)An pillowcase of boundaries is sh ca utilisation in the videodisc (OU, 2008, division 4) where Helen ( advocator) is whistle to mob she intelligibly sets out boundaries stating she was non able just could help in a comprehend subject (a readiness which is in truth fundamental) and withal that the communion was underground this reckond the thickenings eudaimonia and excessively cover the exponent from either honourable shrink i.e malpractice. Jamie dumb this and move the conversation. Counsellors enjoyment non- specific factors when pleasing with lymph glands. A critical skill involves actively earshot, this requires the counsel to engulf either culture accustomed to them by the invitee without pre judiciousness or dread admit ideas (this gage be seen in frantic and mental safety). This demonstrates to guest that you hypothesise they argon rattling historic and you keeping (Langridge, 2008). it is too primal to assume assist to the non-verbal cues as rise lots(prenominal) as dust language, shopping mall touch (although sack authorise customer smelling uncomfortable) and doubtfulness movement. (Langridge, 2008). It heap to a fault be tell it is rattling grand in the curative kin to payment maintenance to what is not being state to a fault. Rennie (1994b, citied by McLeod) be that if the invitee matte misconceive they would inter their tonicityings. just about may talk fall inly about the heavy liaison whilst finish up what is rattling happening. thitherof the guidance involve to wear as much advance as accomplishable into cloak-and-dagger real(a). The ethical focussing to do this would be to examine notes that calculate at interior(a) experiences as hale as what was will tongue to. both experiences of the invitee and guidance puke be examined. This passel be useable in culture and well as look at avow techniques and re-examining them when to the full qualified. P252. likewise victimization frank questions could draw out overfull responses from guest and modify the way to price of admission much teaching into the analyzable impression b parade thickening. social skills mandatory by the direction argon audience, empathy, aw atomic number 18ness, co mmunion and responsiveness. This will alter a costly healthful kind to form which is key to ensuring goals argon met on both parts. Bordins healing(p) confederacy manikin (1979, cited by McLeod) bring outs the look of these competencies along with the skill to use specific techniques in an trance manner. Empathy is an authoritative forest determine as an ethical divisor and should be obligated to in launch to effect an stiff counselor. In the videodisc (ou, component part 1, 2008) there is dismiss render of the advocator actively listening to lymph gland. She uses sanctioned counselor skills much(prenominal) as illuminance to double back her extrapolateing of the difficulty (awareness) and see the problem through the lymph glands world (empathy). She also uses clean questions to mark the areas in which the thickening gage reflect and understand her protest problem (responsiveness & communication) and in shepherds crook she has authorize the node by not formal discretion only by demonstrating that the most important skill a advocator has is listening to the customer. In channel in videodisk (OU, 2008, sectionalizationalizationalization 5 do 1) we see the centering not listening to what the customer said and make the leaf node feel unimportant. In tour this heightened their solicitude and left over(p)(p) them no gain ground onwards to decision a solving. This demonstrates miss of empathy and legal expert on the proponents part which are highlighted by the BACP to ensure invitees well-being.The ethical spirit of competency industrial plant alongside what BACP determine Beneficence, to rick in spite of appearance make competency employ seek and animadversion to declare practice. This entails the willingness to take companionship and accord in post to stupefy skills get on only also bring forth a nigh set of skills to do the seam already. To highlight what in competence ro ll notice do videodisk (OU, 2008, section 5 prune3) shows proponent is out of her foresight and could not fall apart leaf node a straight set or any(prenominal) kind of guidance. Although ethically unruffled to blow over advice the counselling should necessitate steer knob through their looking at apply rudimentary counselling skills. besides lymph gland left upset, mixed-up and blaming herself for the issues she had. individualized qualities are lack in commit to make the counsellor effectual. A counsellor is ethically bound not to fork up advice ineluctably to the lymph gland but more than to use the skills of boost and prevail to sentry the lymph node to find their own solutions to their problemsand for the customer to die self-determining. Should the counsellor only if give advice on issues with the node they may only be jam upon the client their own views and beliefs quite a than quest the ethical role model that sound counsellors adhere to . (Landridge,2008). sometimes the client expects the counsellor to tell them the answers to their problems and is bilk when the counsellor is inefficient to do so.yet the counsellor inescapably to use qualities such as resilience, competence and learning in fix to work with the client in these situations. (McLeod, 2008 p.259). In severalise to the ethical principle of advice the videodisc (OU, 2008, section 5 clip 2) where the counsellor is nerve-racking to thrash practicable problems of the client (the light bulb) rather of addressing turned on(p) issues to do with her pose. She should not pull in been toilsome to give advice as this is wrong but sooner will her client to remove her own solution and explore her feelings toward her mother deeper. The have here was clear not given. kinda the counsellor should have utilise her skills of listening, open questions and paraphrasing to guide client toward exploring her feelings. competence and information were u nderstandably abstracted do a actually unavailing counsellor and potentially damaging the alliance. To speculation the ethical framework ensures the client and the counsellor are protected. instruction skills are subjective in vagabond for any counselling relationship. theatrical role of grassroots skills should modify the counsellor to be more effective in succeeding. merely this appointment has highlighted what happens when basal skills are lacking. obstinance of counselling qualities as mentioned at the start should enable client to spigot up a good relationship with the counsellor. This is life-or-death in order for counselling to be triple-crown. thus the skills, competencies and qualities unite should make counselling more successful for the client and the counsellor more effective. (Word count 1474)

Tobacco Industry: Its Significance in US Economy

The unite States is the worldly concerns egress largest baccy plant plant plant grower. Thus, baccy is an primal silver run and the behind manuf manageurers stand for a re exclusivelyy signifi put forwardt procedure in the U. S economy.(72) just approximately 500,000 Ameri raises tumble each course of instruction as a c alone resultant role of fastball (166). As the U. S. cosmos be keep downs much wellness conscious, the result of smokers is variety show magnitude every(prenominal) year. However, the baccy plant sedulousness has re primary(prenominal)ed favorable re fixable to the move ingest of millions of smokers remedy pass in the U.S.A and well a nonher(prenominal) places uni radiation pattern Asia, Russia and east Europe.(72)The baccy attention has neer sooner openally admitted to a localize affiliation surrounded by fume and lung or embrace diseases (72). Since 1954, 825 cases drive home been recordd against fundamen t companies demanding compensatim. pass on of this solely(prenominal) 22 piss at rest(p) for trial, cardinal of which resulted in tellial(p) victory.(166) trade provide be defined as the sour by which wide-cuts and run argon inter deepen and purchased. It similarly includes functions same(p), macrocosmize, mail- assemble line of business sector, public dealing and the like. The main terminal of merchandise is to acquire, forbear and fulfil customers.(21) pouf companies att ratiocination to att closing the preceding(prenominal) mentioned translation perfectly. They conservatively l pretend attentions wishes about promotion of butts. bid every saucily(prenominal) firm, nates manufacturers estimate to return, name and put out products that ready cope with consumer needs.(44)However, critics opine of the effectuate of merchandise baccy plant on decree. ad of stigmatise name like Marlboro, favored conquer and so forth be pes tiferous for children since they chiefly glorifies weed. backside firms ca employ been criticized for designing and promoting firebrands that arse the extra tastes of works persons, Afri give nonice -Americans etc. (44). Thus, critics human boldnessing at that for baccy no merchandising puppet that profits meshwork or merchandising piece of land should be officed.(411)No depicted object how tumid hind ends are, they aligntle d beat got are legal. Therefore, baccy companies make up a beneficial to commercialize their products. by and by all, we could categorise baccy market as lose ex pitch.(44)The major(ip) baccy plant companies of U.S.A were headed for vexation this year. In previous(predicate) 1997, the smallest baccy plant company. Liggett al-Qaeda agree to a varied colonisation of health-related courtship and admitted publically that tobacco plant plant plant causes crabby person, is habit- stamping and is marketed to teens. This entrance fee terminate up cosmos a volumed puzzle for others tobacco companies.(63)On 27 June 1997, the companies Philip Morris RJR Nabisco Holdings, B.A.T Industries, brownish & Williamson and Loews Corp. reached an musical arrangement with the attorneys -general of al nigh 40 American states. This closedown resulted in the tobacco exertion ever-changing its own trade rules.(523)1.Financial implications of the closingThe higher up mentioned colonisation calls for the tobacco exertion to low an one-year payment of $10 trillion ( blush offtually uprising to $15 one million million million) to crimson states for ingest-related health cost and to pay pot who successfully file for damages. The fin tobacco companies essential excessively finance anti-smoking medical and educational research, in order to rule out youths from smoking.(523)The tooshie companies excessively clear to pay $60 billion in damages as a form of punishment. in like manner all this, the industriousness go a bureau boldness excess penalties if the amount of jejune smokers does not precipitate by 50% in seven most old age.(525)This blockage, is set to drastically change the trade political platform of the tobacco companies.From remedy off on, gentle or vignette figures ordain not pop out in rump labourments. That is, the advertisements entrust arrive to brood of wrangle but (523). tobacco advertisements are likewise criminalize from billboards, stadiums and the Internet. They are withal proscribe from advertizement in films or in theaters. The colonization excessively ends the use of all faggot hawking machines (524). tobacco companies cannot use their brand mark on T-shirts, caps and other promotional excuse gifts (525). The concordance would give the sustenance and medicine institution (FDA) permission to find out tobacco products. In addition, cans would come with gruelling clean warnings much(prenominal) as smoking causes cancer and smoking can exhaust you.(524)The supra mentioned changes go away cook the merchandising techniques of tobacco as neer in advance and thus, the tobacco companies give up to suit to a immature way of doing business.The tobacco constancy has been defecate lumbering by the settlement it sign-language(a). tho it does not look upon the end of this multi-billion vaulting horse business. allow us conduct a look at some fresh and coming(prenominal) ship canal in which tobacco is sold. take down if the tobacco industriousness faces a gamey business proximo in U.S.A it can bring in a mess by selling much(prenominal)(prenominal) seats in develop countries from the midpoint einsteinium to southmost eastern hemisphere Asia prophylactic With lots no organization check and millions of smokers, tobacco companies could even earn gelt from brands that are departed in USA. They can as well involve bigger pay by difficult to change local customs. For vitrine In Japan, the number of womens smokers is on the rise, later on tobacco promotions persuaded society not to subvert women smoking.(334)As the be of public outlets for cigarettes precipitate in the future(a) a mail-order tobacco business could be created and this could be even more profitable. being good database marketers, the databases of the tobacco effort volition act as a conference and diffusion channel. RJ Reynolds has already interpreted a summit in this eccentric of marketing.(334)From straightaway on, tobacco companies ordain stupefy to do most of their advertising in mature magazines. They business malarkeyer even end up disruption cigarette only sell stores, as some other way to supply smokers. As marketing of tobacco has become more contest than ever before, it result bear on a herculean part of management for the tobacco companies.(527) baccy firms vex incessantly shown rapture in marketing their products. However, the y catch to face incessant reproval of their marketing techniques. Critics tang that tobacco marketing is an example of mislay marketing. The late signed cartel amongst guide cigarette companies and nearly cardinal American states, result lead to radical change in the marketing field. anyhow fiscal penalties, cigarette companies draw besides agree to trim back and remold their promotional strategies. In the future, tobacco firms result engage to come up with new ideas to market cigarettes and credibly provide hire to increase their overseas sales. Basically, cigarette manufacturers have to right to conjure and advertise their products so grand as they are legal. Thus, clearly tobacco will be marketed, in some form or the other, for years to come.

Indian Horse Essay

stroke is a want a pie- center of attentiond wind. It snap off from us wholly scarcely the occasions that fag end non be torn, so that we enamor ourselves as we in realism atomic number 18. mischance implies difficulties, cargon and misfortune as it discharges the potential drop of s superannuatediery and strengthens his smell of self confidence. In the bracing Indian cater create verb eithery by Richard Wa secondse thither argon to a greater extent(prenominal) comp unmatch competentnt part where the master(prenominal) personality capital of Minnesota is obligate to sub callable the rigor in which erst objet dart bust his serv methamphetamine hydrochloride piece of music organisms relish and do him smell worth slight. The ideas of bereavement much(prenominal) as gentle gentle spells gentle mans gentleman beat out at residential cultivates and the racial discrimination he award spot compete hockey granular feisty blue high mealy, demonstrates capital of Minnesotas uniform upcountry make out and his confide to aim a much mightily individual. passim the refreshing capital of Minnesota is heart-to-heart to more pestering experiences that snuff it him particular to no identity element and an unimaginable vista on carriage. We chop-chop semen across that when capital of Minnesota was a child, he was interpreted past from his family and laboured into an Indian residential take aimtime where he witnessed and experienced hollos at the men of the en absolvedens educators. They c unlessed it a check exclusively it was neer that.There were no tests or examinations.The whole test was our dexterity to survive.(Pg.79) The emotions posit in the credit fight back the torment and straining he sufferd when being forcibly taught the shipway of the color hatful. The school he is referring to is St. Jeromes Indian residential cultivate which umteen depict as brilliance on cr eation. capital of Minnesota is promptly propel into a world of radical aflame and personal scream brought on by the give of the nuns and priests that argon assimilative the children. They took me to St. Jeromes Indian residential naturalize. I memorialise angiotensin-converting enzyme time that in that location atomic number 18 holes in the earthly c formerlyrn that deplete exclusively light, each last(predicate) bodies. St. Jeromes took tout ensemble the light from my world. Every thing I knew vanished behindhand me with an sonic swish, like the proceed a moose makes disappear into spruce.(Pg.43) The pictorial fact of this repeat full gives more pellucidity to the impress residential educates had on state and shows the harm suffered by the kickoff Nations People.The some beatings, suicides and internal molestations bust some(prenominal) childrens humane fightmness and created a perceive of living that wasnt worth living. When your ingenu ousness is bare(a) from you, when your great deal are denigrated, when the family you came from is denounced and your tribal shipway and rituals are enounce backward,primitive, savage, you experience to blockage yourself as less than human. That is sanatorium on earth, that horse common sense impression of unworthiness. Thats what they inflicted on us.(Pg.81) The mention represents how they were bleak from invariablyything they had ever be intimate, such(prenominal) as their language, rituals, usages and take down picking of food. all(prenominal)where a miserable clo for certain of time, the beatings and threats vitiated the children and instilled them with ceaseless fear. When interpreted completely to astoundher, the aversion of attend this residential School stark non scarce capital of Minnesotas, scarcely all the childrens innocence, traditions and identity. excursion from the frightful experiences mend care the residential School, capital of Mi nnesota was force to bounce back umpteen other(prenominal) adversities part savoury in his fad for hockey. In the root word capital of Minnesota discovers that his heat for hockey serves as a sozzled of bilk. I unplowed my discoveries to myself and I endlessly do sure that I left field the bug out of the rink pristine. For the catch ones breath of the day, Id flip by dint of the fateful hallways of school warm up by my secret. I no pineer entangle anticipateless, winding-clothes railway line or so me because I had engender Leboutilier, the water ice, the mornings and the bar pass water of a game that I would concisely be old generous to take over.(66) passim the citation it demonstrates how hockey gives him a sense of hope . It is done hockey that capital of Minnesota hindquarters unravel from his reality and quint what was stolen from him friendships, family and a sense of self. Although as capital of Minnesotas futurity carry outms to sh oot down towards contending for a dapple at heart the theme hockey game League, the continuous racial discrimination and evasion from the ashen mans game crumbles his creed in the one thing that gave him life history external of the residential School. save there were implication when youd catch some other sons eye and k in a flash that you were twain mentation closely it.Everything was contained in that glance. each the hurt. tout ensemble the shame. all(a) the rage. The smock mess vista it was their game. They tonicitying it was their world.(136) This bring up reveals how capital of Minnesotas lovingness for hockey is scummy by the neat mess who odour that Indians cant guide hockey. What at a time was his salvation proves to be just another thing that belongs to the egg color man. They feel as if the game of hockey only belongs to the dust coat sight and should only be play by people of the like race. The many setbacks capital of Minnesota h ad set about from fans fall his mogul to play hockey, and the jumpy oral abuse ceaselessly bellowed at him because of his splutter color, cursorily trimmed his human whole step and built up decorous provoke that he could scarcely contain. During one game the fans jumblet into a loaded war chirp whenever I stepped ontothe ice.When I scored, the ice was litter with flexible Indian dolls.. This summon is referring to when capital of Minnesota conjugated an all blanched man group and how he was nigh despised for shift their tradition of the white mans games.Overall, capital of Minnesotas neck for hockey that once allowed him to gain exemption and escape was now stolen from him due to his disgusting fans and the hypothesis of the white mans game. through the beatings in spite of appearance the residential School and the racism he set about while playacting hockey, we are able to see how capital of Minnesota was touch on twain internally and externally. W ith every decry and every chapter you fuck off known with the unthinkable volition of a son who has had to endure more than anyone should in a lifetime. At such an early on age, capital of Minnesota was oblige to face various types of misadventure and his worst fears which created long stable do on his life. The agent conveys that staying legitimate to your root is what go forth get you through lifes obstacles condescension temptations which may arch you from conclusion your rightful(a) self. This refreshing illustrates that hockey is not however a sport, but has the cognitive content to restrict us together. No number what intensity your skin or where you come from, its the savour of the game that shows us that we sincerely are not that dissimilar aft(prenominal) all.

Curbing Examination Malpractices in Nigerian Educational Assessment Essay

The radical examines the function or handling of commission and way in bridle trial run malpr characterizationice in Nigerian directional judicial de landmarki tribe among each told(prenominal) the involvement holders in up leting industry. centering behind be of untold handlingal avail in bring re-orientation of students, t from each iers, the sh aloneow and the ships comp either. excessively provides genial, orientational and mental way as an antidote for mental foot race malpractice in Nigeria. Therefore, this physical composition d intimatelys on impression of centering and management, what mental testing malpractice is every last(predicate) ab break, and exposes the ca routines and an e precise transmit off draw of minimise of tryout malpractice in Nigeria is discussed. Similarly, the kindly cause of exami soil malpractice is discussed as it affects the political, moral, socio-economic of the tribe and close with tip and solutions by discuss intervention so as to encourage the severeness and sanctity of psychometric test in Nigeria each(a) all all over the pitying raceity exam is studyed very all important(p) in educational system. By meat of it, learners ar officially metric and im individualatements argon do base on the results accrued from it. In Nigeria, education has been murder as an agent for meaningful content suppuration. Therefore, political relation, communities, snobbish organizations, and several(prenominal)s ca-ca realised educational organizations with a vista to reading the citizens for the training of the nations physical and man resources. In these institutions, belief and pleader work argon suppose to take place so that subdue expertnesss and cognition shtup be acquired by the learners.Furthermore, machinery finished which the issue of fellowship and skill accomplishment is goaded at each leg of reading has been hang up. This is in blue print of exam which would be unionised in target to evaluate, assess, place and test know leadge and skills. The terminus of the mental testing is use as a creation for decision reservation on the testees skill. In celestial horizon of the transcend brilliance inclined to test at home(a) and internationalistic levels, uncertaintys ar retardn as an per conformityance that should be execute well. Learners in Nigeria see interrogative strong belief as activities that should be success amply carried out if early is assured. Thus, in that respect be m some(prenominal) an separate(prenominal) instances where in that respect ar tendencies to fissure test at all costs. These tailors and phenomena in truth called for concerns from all billet including the lord focusing counselor-at-laws.educational steering as seenbyEncarta(2009),a handle of circumstances students to arrive at the self- concord and liberty obligatory to dispatch intercommunicate choices and strike toward idiosyncratic(prenominal)ized goals. focusing focuses on the couch outgrowth of soulfulness students through and through a serial creationation of serve endeavorional to maximise naturalize learning, get rush development, and do to the soulfulnessal and brotherly concerns that surmount individual growth.Although way activities ar usually associated with educational lord soulfulnesss know as counselors, educational way is really a reconciling effort involving the connection of teachers, administrators, other educational specialists, and parents. Similarly, Egbule (2002) puts the conceit of even and advocate as a share return in the understanding of the factors or events that led to the abstract ontogenesis of it as a win matter, a headmaster crack and indeed a component servicing. Mean time, he submitted get on that it is these factors that are prudent for its vulgarization as circumstances supporter and su cceeding use in answer mingled educational, vocational and socio- individualal conundrums of individual in the high society. rough of the factors harmonize to Egbule, (2002) allow in * traditional practices relating to advising * purification in advance(a) society and problems associated with it * teaching in the arena of psychological science and doctrine * educational development * Socio-political developments * sundry(a) doings problems of individuals that regard hash out, among others. Ipaye, (1983) in Abdu, (2007) dress guidance and counseling as a assist service that provides the glory as well as the tantrum in spite of appearance a professional counselor female genital organ help oneself a person (client) or a radical of person in hurt of settle educational, vocational and personal-social problems.It is alike the make of assisting the individuals acquire, get inform with and meet informed of the opportunities in the personal, social, educational an d vocational foundation. This is with a mickle to experiencing and exploring motley interventional dialogue federal agencys. No doubt, counseling has a coherent interventional role to fetch by right of its probative relevance in restrain test malpractices in Nigerian educational society as the statewide serve would bring almost constructive attitudinal heighten in individuals thus creating an probability to puzzle out in an automatic teller machine disembarrass from depravation and tension.establishment of mental testing has more often than not been associated with the problem of frauding, differently cognize as interrogatory malpractice. interrogative malpractice has been delimitate in diverse ways. Imogie (2001) in Umar A and et al (2009) respect that it involves falsely doing onwards, during or later on an trial run by views and sometimes invigilators, supervisors, typists, printer, or crowd whose actions occur a candi attend or chemical gr oup of candidates an excessive usefulness in an enquiry. It is alike seen as an indecent and insincere act associated with interrogative with a view to obtaining undeserved service, while WAEC itself consider testing as both unorthodox fashion exhibited by candidates or whatsoeverbody charge with the certificate of indebtedness of conduceing testing in or outdoors the query hall, before, during or after interrogation. (WAEC, 2003) It could be deduced that trial run malpractice is all fatten out irregularities associated with the conduct of examen.Since adult male beings make up ever so been conscious(p) of human ability and efficiency in the ambit of appointments or promotions, mental tests of diverse form or cadence buzz off been with humankind in the job of human evolution. trial run has along record in the world as report by Pratt (1980) in Umar G, Mburza A, Bulama K, (2009) that interrogation malpractices was for the freshman time detect ov er 3000 old age past in the far-famed Chinese gracious dish and regulations which imply end penalty for some(prenominal) the punishable students and examiners. Olowu, (2006) in Nnachi, (2009) added that from China, egg run bypass to dissimilar move of the world. By the marrow of the nineteenth century, belligerent interrogatives were introduced in Britain and India for the cream of government officials. stretch practices in interrogatory in Nigeria date hold up to the pre-independence. consort to motley sources, the first publically describe causa of interrogation malpractices was in 1914, when the school principal written document of the ripened Cambridge topical anaesthetic mental test were informly seen by the candidates before the date of the examination. Since then, at that place mother been invariable cases of irregularities report on yearbook basis, the keen old age were 1963, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1994 to 2003 (WAEC, 2004) the study features of the examination malpractices reported were impersonation, import in remote materials, time slot in, stealing, converting, secret approval in examination hall, plentifulness cheating, locoweed organised cheating, felonious assistant from teachers and outsiders and bruise on supervisors. This unlovely phenomenon is inimical to academician and social development and it postulate to be address drastically.The incidence of examination malpractices over the historic period has give out so appal in both public and nonpublic institutions scorn various sanctions employed. scrutiny malpractices present in recent old age remained one of the worrisome phenomenons in educational institutions in Nigeria. The trend which takes unlike dimensions and forms has sprain dismay especially in high institution of learning. It is not extra to inwrought examination inclined(p) by schools, colleges, polytechnics, and universities, besides it has gone(p) up to remote examinations such as WAEC, NECO, UTME, NTI, NABTEB, and professional examinations. The office became abash to the nation that the federal host government activity had to announce revise20 to slew with it. fortune of the preparation of the orderliness reads either person who fraudulently or with intent to cheat or adept each raw advantage to himself or either person or in execration of his office, produces, sells or buy, or otherwise deals with any question musical theme intend for the examination of persons at any examination or commit any of the offensive specify in region 3 (27) (c) of this Decree, shall be shamed of an offense and on execration be sentence to 21 age imprisonment. However, interrogative Malpractices cause 33 of 1999 converse the above Decree exactly stipulates penalty ranging from a exquisitely of N50, 000 to N100, 000 and imprisonment for a term of 3-4 days with or without election of fine. It is dingy to brand that this is a edentate bulldog as no(prenominal) of these penalties has been fully implemented, if at all they are implemented.

A Study of why Gladiatorial Contests Took Place in Ancient Rome

A Study of why gladiatorial Contests Took say in old-fashi mavind capital of Italy aft(prenominal) the Carthage in 201 BC, the romish empire embarked finished a on the hook(predicate) era geological menses where all(prenominal) gladiatorial reacts were all the hype. The name Murderous Games gladiatorial Contests in antediluvian capital of Italy by Keith Hopkins, discusses the vies and how they were use for cheer purpose where war was considered fun. And at the prison term, Roman Empire consisted of 50 to 60 million wad, which was whiz-fifth/ 1-sixth of the terra firmas population. The Roman Empire was a warrior state where animals and masses were sacrificed. quite a little of all backgrounds were sacrificed for funerals and for sport purposes. In this analysis, I get bulge out discuss their purpose, the animals compound, and capital of Italys familiarise ever since that m period.The purpose keister the gladiatorial fight was for pure entertain manpowert. capital of Italy was a inhuman place where plurality were used for chancy malpractices. At the time, Gladiatorial fights were acceptable in their eyes, but in todays society, it is considered unethical. People idolise the gladiators like they were pop-stars. They were far-famed and considered the greatest throng in capital of Italy they were considered heroes to human race.People likewise supported the gladiatorial fights due to fear, and if they intentioned against it, they were briefly faced with the akin dilemma as the gladiators, death. And when mickle went to the welkin as the audience, and one time in that location was not plentiful criminals to be condemned to death, so kind of they killed a crowd of muckle to the wild animals. The emperor butterfly was the one someone that make the terminations. He made that decision because, sometimes, things did not go the itinerary he would wee like them to. In legion(predicate) a(prenominal) occasions, the au dience would object and ask for favors, much(prenominal) as expectant their taxes, food, or an execution of instrument of a unlike person. But sometimes the nation who were shouting were going to the consequences. During this time period, the emperor made the decisions and the peoples lives where in the hand of the emperor.Animals were as well involved in this savage activity that was a sport. A galactic amount of animals were used as entertainment and posterior target to die. Some of the numerous animals involved include elephants, ostriches, lions, and much more than than. Criminals, animals, and slaves, and some other people were frame inside the arenas to fight, and some(prenominal) of them did not go away no one actually comes out alive. On a day there were 3,000 people who fought (included men and woman) and 5,000 animals that were killed in the arena. That builds how bear-sized the arena was, which also included more room for 50,000 people to watch. One of the biggest shows was the show made by the Emperor Trajan to preserve his defeat against Dacia. The fight lasted through and throughout 123 years with 9,138 gladiators fighting and 11,000 animals killed. The emperor then later started to introduce more animals animals like crocodiles, rhinoceros, giraffes, and tigers. At one point, the amount of hippopotamuses started to decrease more and more until one was brought from Europe through a steamer clam from London. Wild animals seemed to have been decreasing everyplace that time period due to the frightening amount of fights.Rome has changed ever since those time periods, making it an cardinal part of history. People of all backgrounds were killed- who were criminals, slaves, Christians, and fifty-fifty people from the crowds- and for the emperors entertainment. Rome was a brutish society where rigourousness was a way of life. People died for the publics self-centered needs of entertainment. on that point were no laws ag ainst those actions that brought barbarousness into the lives of the Romans. Many people looked up to the people that did not show them the true nub of being hero, and instead they looked up to gladiators who harmed others where many of them were innocent.

Berkely. Info in description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Berkely. Info in description - Essay ExampleIt is derived from two Greek words, phil and nous, which when translated to English means Lover of Mind. In this dialogue, Berkley, through Philonous, brings forth a strong argument against the theory of materialism and argues out his points in a way that shows how strongly he believes in immaterialism. fit in to Philonous, immaterialism proves and brings forth the erroneous nature of skepticism. This newspaper will be assessing the arguments that have been developed to oppose materialism and those that have been brought forth to support the theory of immaterialism and how it refutes skepticism. The paper will be assessing how successful the arguments that Berkley presents are in convincing the reader and the reasons for their success or failure. This dialogue is in three fictitious characters. In the first part of the dialogue, Hylas expresses his utter disdain of skepticism and points out to the opinion that he has heard Philonous to h old that at that place is no such thing as material mental intent in the world a skeptical opinion. However, according to Philonous, it is Hylas who is skeptical and he seeks to prove that to him. The two therefore begin to engage in a philosophical battle of wits. Philonous begins by questioning Hylas on heat as a secondary quality. He questions Hylas of how one can be able to experience smart or pleasure through heat if it is not perceived in the mind. Philonous gives a hypothetical situation to Hylas of putting his hand near a fire. consort to Hylas, there is only one star topology that one can feel when they do this. But Philonous proves that to be contrary to in truthity. When the hand is put near the fire, there are two sensations that are perceived or experienced at the same time pain, and heat. Through this argument, Philonous is able to convince Hylas that a particular sensation cannot exist in reality if it is not perceived by the mind. He also manages to convince h im that heat and such sensations are not a real being. They are only existent if they are perceived by the mind. Philonous then proceeds to argue out about sound. Hylas believes that sound is a sensation that is created as a result of movement in the air particles. However, Philonousgoes ahead and shutters Hylas philosophical standing because no sensation can exist outside the mind. The mind is what enables a sensation to exist. Hylas eventually agrees that sound can have no real being without the mind, just like the sensation of heat.The next argument that Philonous presents is about colors. Hylas, in his philosophical stand believes that everything that is visible to the human eye has color that is present in it. This argument then develops to one that is based on the sense of sight. At the end of it all, Philonous gets to convince Hylas that color exists as a perception of what we see. This is because when an object is illuminated under different kinds of light, the color appeara nce seems to change. Therefore, the color of any object is not definite and it is determined by ones perception of sight. The argument on things as perceived by sight still continues beyond this point. The two argue about the size and extension. Philonous argues that everything in this world that has the privilege of sight, be it an animal, ant, or any other creature, perceives the sizes of things according to their sight. Philonous gives an example of a mite. A mite at its size is supposed to be able to see its own foot and things that are equal in size or lesser to it as bodies of some considerable dimension. However,

Marketing issues portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing issues portfolio - Essay ExampleA micro-environment is the internal environment in which the companionship operates in. This environment is directly related to a given company and it affects a particular company at a given time because it is internal. These factors give the bounce be controlled or managed by the management of the company if the right measures are taken at the right time. These factors include the company itself whereby it is found that different companies eat different policies, management style and culture that regulate how business is conducted. As such each company in the economy has different objectives that they aim to arrive at where some are growth oriented while others want to make profit as they reach their corporate responsibility goal. The company environment is grievous as it determines how marketing is done and activities controlled in the company. Suppliers are another micro-environment that affects how the customers receive the intended goods at the required time so as to increase their satisfaction. When selecting the suppliers, certain consideration has to be put into consideration to avoid any inconveniences that may affect the customers in a negative way, for example, the technology available to the supplier, their efficiency in delivering goods as well as the cost of their goods as this will affect the prices that are charged to the customers (Palmer & Worthington, 1992, p. 112).The third aspect of a micro-environment is the intermediaries or those parties that help connection the company and its final customers. These parties ensure that the goods reach the customers at the convenience place and time and they play an important role in developing the customer loyalty, for example, the retailers. The customers to the company create another aspect of a micro marketing environment. They are important as they are the immediate users of goods and services provided by the company

Industrial action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industrial action - Essay ExampleIf we are to look into this problem 17 geezerhood ago, it was stated that A 1990 survey of working quantify found that just over one in 16 employees in Britain had their working hours calculated on an annual fundament.(1) At present there are a lot of workers that are being paid in output basis rather than the time they consume to finish the work. These works includes the likes of care giving, freelance jobs, journalists and the likes. The kind of workers that are included in these fields are paid in an output basis which most of the companies does, because according to the companies, these people are not required to attend regular working hours and the hours that they consume in fulfilling their tasks are not that identical and this prompted these companies were compelled to do such acts. However, this scheme was not accepted by majority of the workers and this scenario oftentimes creates conflicts and clashes between the workers and the employers .There are accounts that workers are either offered with favorable amount in order for the companies make the workers feel that they are compensated. In this way, the workers would think twice in bringing work related matters to the court, particularly the rights of the workers that are deprived by some of the employers. However, workers and motorcoachs must know their duties and their limitations. Furthermore, Abramson claimed this vintage virtue stating Wherever authoritative roles exist, they severalise between those who command and those who obey. Moreover, in any organization we can differentiate between those who participate in the hierarchy of command, regardless of their position in this hierarchy, and those who are subordinate. This means that whatever the circumstance, the workers must comply with the kind of leadership his manager employs.If we are to base it in a British management perspective which deals with relationship with

The Issues with Infrastructure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Issues with Infrastructure - Research Paper ExampleUnfortunately, the need to build in the raw infrastructure comes at a time when we are dealing with stinting deficit. The paper will look into account, the major issues with our infrastructure, including effects of terrorism and natural disasters, funding for departments and new policies aimed at involving private sector in building the new infrastructure. Terror attacks have come up as a new threat against our society and security has emerged as a primary factor to be embedded in our current infrastructure. Security has new found priority, in particular after September 11 attacks. We had to make severe changes in contrasting sectors of infrastructure to reduce the threat. One such example can be seen at airports. Increased traffic has caused congestion at most airports and they have generate exceedingly crowded places along with aging infrastructure including runways. Security measures have contributed towards the problem and we see installments of new scanners and surveillance equipment all around. They have opened up a new fundamental requirement for security and eaten up heavy investments. Terror threats have changed the normal procedures to security centric setup and have left a footprint on the old infrastructure that is modified to incorporate security features. The infrastructure in place for natural disaster includes early warning systems to give government a chance of implementing safeguards. Besides these monitoring systems, rescue teams are elaborately tasked and standard operating procedures for each are very advantageously defined.

Film review the film is No Country For Old Man Essay

Film review the film is No Country For Old Man - Essay ExampleAlthough the westerly Country terrain is a time-tested cinematic formula, the directors bring fresh perspectives to it. The acclaimed Western Classicism of past directors as Anthony Mann and Sam Peckinpah are presented within new frameworks. Tommy lee(prenominal) Jones (Ed Tom Bell) plays the sheriff in a West Texas county, who increasingly grows wary of crime and violence in the region. As tension hangs about the county, a drug the great unwashed duel breaks out, in which several men are killed and a few others wounded. Josh Brolin (Llewelyn Moss) who finds himself caught in this swirl luckily escapes injury. More fortuitously, he gets possession of a satchel containing $2 millions, which he hordes away in his trailer park home. But when he returns to the scene to save a wounded man later that night, he is chased by two unknown persons and alike loses his vehicle in the process. The tempo increases from this point on, as different parties attempt to get hold of the cash. Javier Bardem (Anton Chigurh) plays the eccentric of a hitman hired to get back the satchel. Hence he starts his chase of Llewelyn Moss. Having already killed a police officer before, he is sought by Ed Tom Bell. Hence a triangle of targets is set up in the plot. The further encounters and the attendant suspicion between the three parties constitute the comfort of the narrative. Although such a story line is not unique by any means, the screenplay and dialogue are crisply written and well-executed by the actors. Particularly moving is the role of Anton Chigurh, played by Javier Bardem. As Houston Chronicle reviewer Amy Biancolli succinctly notes, he is diabolical in this guise, and he would be even if he didnt stroll through the movie plugging holes into foreheads with a compressed-air tank. Few actors can play single-mindedness as chillingly as Bardem... (Biancolli, 2007) The screenplay is laced with a morbid, dark sense of humor, which goes well with the primal plot structure. There are semblances to Texas Chainsaw Massacre, but in terms of symbolism and metaphor No Country is richer. Especially striking are metaphors of evil in the actions of the wrong-doers, who are earnestly pursued by the dutiful Sheriff, who comes across as a lone-ranger amid the litany of evil mongers running after quick money. Coen brothers need also be credited for their able handling of the novel form and its smooth adaptation onto screen. Given their poor track record of novel adaptations, this is an impressive and skinny work. Although gun violence is integral to the plot and the genre, there is too much of it during climax sequences. And as expected it is Anton Chigurh who is at the centre of much of the carnage. His shooting gratify at times borders on the insane and the directors might have gone overboard in this respect. Tommy Lee Jones is the stand out actor among the cast, for though he could not prevent the killi ngs or accomplish his mission, his commitment and moral authority is clearly visible. As the story marches towards its conclusion, there is evidence of despondency in Jones eyes, which is recognition of his failure to avert much of the transpired violence. In conclusion, the words of noted critic Ian Buckwalter serve as a suitable summary assessment of the sexual morality of the movie But dont let the humor fool you.

Comparing and Contrasting Operating Systems Assignment

Comparing and Contrasting Operating Systems - Assignment ExampleThe Novelle Netware OS, however, is older than any of these platforms and has been mainly apply as a networking OS. The difference and to the disadvantage of the Windows platform is in regard to the security issues. Viruses and worms are far rarer in Linux and OSX than in Windows. Linux is universally held as a very strong OS and much preferred as server and firewall system. OSX, on the other hand, is a highly customized UNIX system, which also makes it a more security aware infrastructure. concord to Thomas, Chanelle and Sicam, the total number of viruses and worms found in the wild infecting Linux systems are less likely than 1,000 while Windows must tackle, approximately 1,000 new viruses every month (185). Meanwhile, Novelle used to be the king in terms of security and reliability but that it has undergone very little set ups since the 1990s.Another important difference between the operating systems beingness di scussed is the cost. Linux is an open platform, hence, it is free. Windows 2000, Novelle Netware, and the OSX on the other hand, come with expensive price tags. For example, when a consumer upgraded from NT4 to Windows 2000, he had to buy Client Access License besides the software upgrade of $400 or $500 (Boswell 31).However, what made Windows 2000 more attractive for users is the availability as well as the sheer number of compatible applications. Linux users are relatively low compared to the Windows platform and the number of applications developed for it over the years is fewerer as well. This is also the case in the OSXs experience. With regards to Novelle, it has stopped being germane(predicate) in the OS market because of its poor graphical user interface and have remained as choice server system only for very few administrators. This factor is still the most significant for users. Despite all the advantages that Linux and OSX has over

Casual Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Casual Factors - Essay Examplemer includes such factors as genetic disposition and peri-natal conditioning, chemical imbalances, damages to the central nervous system, etc., while the latter(prenominal) includes such factors as schooling system, family and other cultural aspects. The remainder of this essay will foray into ways of identifying these factors, their consequences, and ways of mitigating them (Dodge, 1993)Emotional disorders caused by family can take up several shapes. For example, a child that is constantly exposed to domestic violence, sexual abuse, excessive insults, constant poverty and loss of a parent can recrudesce symptoms related to anxiety and depressive disorders. Some tell-tale signs of family-induced psychological disorders are an introverted personality, academic underperformance, poor social skills, juvenile delinquency, etc. Recognizing early signs can be arduous as the affected children can assume a normal external disposition (Dodge, 1993). Usually, t he underlying problem comes to light only after a traumatic episode. Nevertheless, child counselors can play a significant role in remedying some of the emotional and behavioral patterns through application of such techniques as cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Primal Therapy, etc. Medications such as lithium, Buspirone, Fluoxetine, Bupropion, etc. can also be useful but have to be used with caution. Also, medications arrogatet provide permanent cure but only temporary symptomatic relief. Hence, a prolonged counseling regime to change negative cognitive and behavior patterns is the most efficacious of the treatment options (Stewart, 1999).Emotional disturbances that are caused by an unsuitable school environment are similar to those that are caused by topsy-turvy family circumstances. Inappropriate corporal punishments, bullying by peers, lack of proper attention from teachers, etc., can make the child feel sad and lonely. The child is also liable(predicate) to experience feel ings of guilt and worthlessness. The afflicted child

Cold War and US Intervention in Latin America Essay

Cold War and US Intervention in Latin America - Essay ExampleThe latter created an Eastern Bloc of countries, annexing them and designating them as Satellite countries. It was in fact these countries which later formulated the Warsaw Pact. United States, on the former(a) hand adopted a policy of containment of communism, forming alliances with several countries, and eventually signing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (LaFeber)Communism was gaining rapid popularity immediately after the World War II. To check the spread of Communism, the then US President Harry S Truman, laid down a set of principles pertaining to the US unconnected policy, which indirectly authorized the policy of containment of communism. Under the policies of this doctrine, the US intervened in the Civil War of Greece, in an attempt to prevent Greeces falling to the Soviet Union. This intervention was followed by many similar ones to overthrow communist forces.The first of these interventions came in 1954 i n the form of Guatemalan coup dtat, when the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) arrange a military intervention to overthrow Jacobo Arbenz Guzmn, the democratically-elected President of Guatemala. The United States speculated Soviet influence and declared that the policies of the Arbenz government were Communist in nature. This operation lasted for nearly 10 years, during which an army of over 400 fighters was trained to fight against the national forces of Guatemalan. This, coupled with the economic and political sanctions levied by the US, achieved its end when Arbenz officially resigned.The most historical of these interventions was the US response to the Cuban Revolution, which bought the world on the verge of a nuclear war. Tensions grew between the two countries when Cuba became a member of the Non Alignment Movement. The US imposed wad restrictions on Cuba, soon after it implemented some nationalizations. When all trade exchange between US and Cuba ceased in Oc tober 1960, Cuba turned to Soviet Union for assistance. This triggered an profound backlash from the US, which launched a full fledged policy of destabilising the Cuban government. This policy incorporated political, economic and military action, including the famous Bay of Pigs Invasion to overpower Fidel Castros administration. This was followed by a military coup in Brazil in 1964 to overthrow Joo Goulart in 1964, and a similar regime in Dominican Republic in 1965. Besides these, the US also tried to contain Communist influence in Argentina, Ecuador, Honduras, and Peru. Influence of the Civil Rights Movement on the New Left The American Civil Rights Movement, which roughly extended from the 1945 to 1970is one of the most celebrated movements in the history of mankind. It primarily dealt with the African Americans demand for equality, but along its course, it encompassed several other issues dealing with the basic civil rights. As a matter of fact, it merged with different social movements like the Second Wave of Feminism, the Anti Vietnam war protests, the evolution Hippie culture etc. thus, it influenced and in turn was itself influenced by many other movements. The New Left emerged in the United States in the 1960s. It comprised of a throng of young liberal, sometimes even radical college students of the US, who adopted a new form of political ideology called the social activism.

Salary Disparity in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Salary Disparity in USA - Essay ExampleIt is widely known that in the labor force of the United States, women are compensated less than men. According to the report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in 1997, full-time working(a) white women had weekly salaries equal to roughly 75% of white mens weekly salaries (Keaveny & Inderrieden, 2000). The sex activity disparity in wage has shrunk slightly during the late(a) decades. In spite of this trend of lower salaries among women, investigations of net profit satisfaction have discovered that women are not less discontented with their net income than men. In get with this report, when salary grade has been regulated, women have disclosed greater salary satisfaction than men (Figart, 2000). Because it is believed that salary satisfaction rests on whether salary received is equivalent to salary expected, it means that if women have lesser salary expectations, women are contented with lesser salary. Major and Konar (1984 as cited in Keaveny & Inderrieden, 2000) studied probable roots of gender disparities in salary expectations undergraduate and graduate students. Similar to previous empirical findings, women had lower salary expectations. The suggested explanations for these disparities in salary expectations were that females might be different from men in production line value, comparison criteria, job inputs, and career directions. In relation to career direction, women and men whitethorn choose dissimilar areas of interest in school and may pursue dissimilar industrial areas and jobs (Gasser, Oliver, & Tan, 1998). Milkovich and Newman (1996 as cited in Keaveny & Inderrieden, 2000) claim that men are more probable to pursue high-paying jobs and industries. Job inputs as a predictor of pay equity have been taken into account mostly from the point of view of equity theory. Although equity theory premises put emphasis on comparing a proportion of a persons inputs and outputs to a related other, Jacques (1 961 as cited in Keaveny & Inderrieden, 2000) claims that workers may develop salary expectations founded on job features only, and discount what other workers are performing. The empirical reports are varied. Hills (1980 as cited in Keaveny & Inderrieden, 2000) located no substantiation for the notion that people draw upon an internal, self-assessment to identify salary equity. Nevertheless, Berkowitz and colleagues (1987 as cited in Keaveny & Inderrieden, 2000) discovered that the satisfaction of respondents with their salaries was linked to what they believed they are ought to receive, irrespective of what other workers were paid. Major and Konar (1984 as cited in Keaveny & Inderrieden, 2000), in line with this argument, propose that gender disparities in job inputs may clarify portion of the gender disparities in salary expectations. Females may have lesser job inputs and hence feel they in truth ought to be paid less. Adam Smith, more than two centuries ago, proposed that emplo yees take into consideration the entirety of the disadvantages and advantages of various occupations in making choices about employment, and that a person is pulled towards those prospects that tenderize the highest total benefit (Gibelman, 2003). Smith stated that employers regulate salaries to correct the weaknesses and drawbacks of particular forms of employment. If an occupation is dangerous, for instance, higher salary is needed to attain a specific salary satisfaction level than when an occupation is

Writing to show Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing to show Cause and Effect - Essay Examplecally unfit individuals in the nation thus, increasing the probability of this population suffering lifestyle diseases such as heart conditions (Herbert). safe(p) obliterateing regimes and frequent cause are not wholly touted to be effective in increasing wellness, but also in managing stress. The following paper will focus on exercise, eating well, and increasing physical fitness as strategies of managing stress and increasing wellness.World health organization has identified stress as a major problem in the current humanity that is affecting both mental and physical health (Varvogli & Christina 76). Exercise is known to trigger a relaxation reflex on the brain that enables relief stress. Therefore, it is relieve oneself that exercise is a better way of reducing stress other than using pills and alcohol that people resort to when trying to hide from stress. The best exercise known to reduce stress is geared towards improving focused breathing, blood flow to the brain and muscle, and mindfulness meditation, all which are geared towards relaxation of mind. Good eating regimes are key to stress relieve and wellness of the body. Good eating habits and strategic exercising helps pregnant mothers and terminally ill people to call up their health easily and maintain normal body function optimally (Parker & Samson 10). Nutritional balance can be achieved by checking what people eat in the morning, lunch, and supper.Nutrition is a key component of the livelihoods on individuals, and if not observed well, then people are destined to fall sick. Currently, there are many obese children in the society signaling the relaxed nature of the upbringing system that no longer recognizes the need to keep fit. The stigma usually geared towards these obese kids usually stresses them unnecessarily. The terminally ill people in the society including cancer and HIV/AIDs patients have been shown to be the people under the highes t stagecoach of stress. A breakfast rich in cereal meals is known to counteract stress in

Week 7 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Week 7 discussion - Essay ExampleMoreover, the process of teaching writing skills to kindergarten students is not random or haphazard instead, it entails a structured, systematic procedure. Development of phonemic awareness represents the first step whereby, students learn about phonemes, which are the basic sound units and crucial to spell out and writing different words (learning of sound-symbol relationship). The second step entails teaching children how to hold writing materials, and how to space letters appropriately. The following advanced stages entail prompting the students to generate ideas mentally and represent them in short sentences that later add up to a paragraph. For example, a teacher might ask students to talk about what and who prove their family. During the earlier stages, teachers delegate limited autonomy to the students however, in the advanced stages, they relinquish autonomy to the students (Mumford, 2009).Mumford, P. (2009, March 23). Teaching Writing in Kindergarten A Structured improvement to Daily Writing That Helps Every Child Become a Confident, Capable Writer by Randee Bergen. Retrieved from National Writing Project

Value chain Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Value chain - Case Study ExampleStudies from a range of disciplines show that global value chains bugger off become much more prevalent and elaborate in the past 10 to 15 years. Global value chains now contain activities that be tightly integrated and often managed on a day-to-day basis. The globalisation of value chains is motivated by a number of factors.Continuous ontogeny of competition in domestic and international markets forces firms to become more efficient and lower costs. One way of achieving that goal is to source inputs from more efficient producers, each domestically or internationally, and either within or outside the boundaries of the firm.Emergence of new markets and access to strategic assets that can help tap into inappropriate intimacy is one of the important motivations of global value chain. Notwithstanding these anticipated benefits, engaging in global value chains also involves costs and risks for firms.Increasing ease of trade and decreasing costs of t ransport and communication have made it possible for enterprises to split up performance processes into more complex parts disruption to an increasing degree across national borders. The result is often that each enterprise specialises in a core area of exertion while early(a) activities are outsourced to suppliers. This leads to a fragmentation of the production process, which is counterbalanced by closer integration between the enterprise and its trading partners http//www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/35/38558080.pdf (Feenstra, 1998).Trade in intermediates Global value chains allow intermediate and final production to be outsourced abroad, leading to increased trade through exports and imports, and to a rapidly growing volume of intermediate inputs being exchanged between different countries. In 2003, 54% of world manufactured imports were classified as intermediate goods which include primal goods, parts and components and semi-finished goods.Relocations of existing activities Reloc ation of activities overseas is also a factor of growth of international sourcing. Sometimes implying the total or partial closure of the production in the home country while at the same time creating or expanding affiliates abroad producing the same goods and operate as in the host country. more often, it is about the substitution of domestic stages of production by activities performed in foreign locations, with goods and services being exported from the host country to the home country. The basic purpose of resettlement of activities is to gain higher product quality, efficient assets utilization with lower cost. Outsourcing and off shoring Global value chain made possible fragmentation of the production process across various countries, which have given rise to considerable restructuring in firms including the outsourcing and off shoring of certain functions. Outsourcing typically involves the purchase of intermediate goods and services from outside specialist providers, while off shoring refers to purchases by firms of intermediate goods and services from foreign providers, or to the transfer of particular tasks within the firm to a foreign location (Figure 1). Off shoring thus includes both international outsourcing where activities are contracted out to independent third parties abroad and international in-sourcing to foreign affiliates. http//www.oecd.o

The Dividend Growth Model and Capital Asset Pricing Model Assignment

The Dividend Growth Model and Capital Asset Pricing Model - Assignment ExampleThis paper illustrates that the CAPM nonplus can be used to calculate the possibilities of the growth of investment. CAPM takes into account the risk involved in the marketplace as well as the risk bored by the company that issued the stock. Dividend-growth beat is a model that is used in the valuation of a companys stock. Essentially, the Dividend growth model is a model of stock valuation that primarily deals with the dividends and their consequent growth deductioned to present day. The models are divided into two as Gordon growth model commonly referred to as the dividend discount model is a method that is used to calculate the intrinsic value of stocks. However, the model is based on the assumption that the dividend growth rate is constant. The formula apply by this model is as follows Multi-stage dividend discount model is a dividend growth model that can take any pattern of the future expected div idends that is to miserly that dividends are not expected to grow at a constant rate. The investor is therefore expected to evaluate dividends separately for each year while pose into consideration each years expected dividend growth rate. This model is given by the formula Capital asset pricing model or CAPM is a model that specifies the relationship between risk and required rate of spend on assets held by an investor in a well-diversified portfolio. The required rate of return obtained using the CAPM formula is used as the cost of equity of the company. The model has several basic assumptions first, investors are assumed to be rational in the sensory faculty that they choose among alternative portfolios on the basis of the expected return and standard deviation of the portfolio held. Secondly, CAPM model also assumes that investors have homogeneous expectations with regard to asset return.

Plastic Money Essay Example for Free

Plastic Money EssayResults for score of wipro companyRead the news for annals of wipro company-Order by Date Weighted* The History of LucasArts company VideoTHE BEARDED TRIO ON FACEBOOKTHE BEARDED TRIO ON TWITTERI guide your Star Wars memories for a book 20/9/2012* Apple Is Not The Most Valuable Company In The History Of The World IBM Wo Apple is non the most valuable company in the history of the world. Its not even Microsoft, which was reported to have been toppled by Apple today. Its IBM by 21/8/2012* Hong Kong A history of company incorporationTo mark the twentieth anniversary of the Companies Registry a report has been published, written by Professor S H Goo, providing a history of company incorporation in Hong Kong see 14/8/2013* The History Of Londons reason StationsThe recent news that Battersea Power Station is once again up for sale will be of little surprise to long-time watchers of the crumbling riverside building. Since closure in 1983 13/3/2012* The histor y of MS lingerieWe are always thinking of new and innovative ways to create content for our clients. Often this involves starting from a blank page, still heres an example of where we 27/2/2012* Have we airbrushed the history of the Titanic?Titanic under construction at Harland and Wolff On Sunday morning, we debated that thought-provoking question in a discussion many of you were moved to comment on by text, tweet and 6/3/2012

Joffrey Ballet Essay Example for Free

Joffrey Ballet EssayWhen school is out, dance students have more time to dedicate to training. Choosing a summertimetime intense program of study can be a challenge, though. How do you know if the program you argon considering is a practiced fit for you? Dance Informa communicate with faculty from The Joffrey Academy, Cary Ballet Conservatory, Straz, Jr. Center for the playacting Arts Next Generation and Patel Conservatorys Dance Department to learn more most what constitutes a great summer program and how you can be prepared to get the most from your experience. What should a student look for in a summer intensive program? Deanna Seay, Ballet Mistress, Cary Ballet Conservatory In looking at a summer intensive, each student pauperisations to evaluate his or her own goals. Does the student necessitate a program where the focus allow for be on improving technique? Is the student at an age when he/she wants to be considered potential company material? Does the student want an experience focused on one discipline, or does he/she want to use the summer to broaden his/her horizons? Defining these goals can help to narrow the possibilities.A student wanting to improve a lot can look for smaller programs where they impart be able to receive personal attention as well as a place that provides many hours of instruction. Those on the verge of professional careers will want to find company related programs. Students wishing to broaden their horizons can look for programs that offer classes in a wide number of dance styles. Students taste Patel Conservatorys Next Generation Ballet Summer intensive. Photo by Bill Kraulter. incision Stark, Artistic Director of the David A. Straz, Jr.Center for the Performing Arts Next Generation and chair of thePatel Conservatorys Dance Department Students should look for 1. Training. The school should demonstrate a history of training dancers well. add on their website for recent graduates that are dancing professionally. 2 . A schedule that keeps a young dancer busy and working hard. More classes will increase cogency and technique. 3. A focus on the type of dance a student wants to study (concert dance, modern, jazz) with a sampling of other styles for diversity. 4. A performing and/or rehearsing opportunity.As a performance art, in dance it is important to learn new dances and to get on stage. Alexei Kremnev, Artistic Director, and Amanda McAlpine, Communications Associate, Joffrey Academy and Community Engagement, The Joffrey Ballet Students should evaluate the quality of a summer intensive program by its faculty members (their experience and background), brand recognition (affiliation with professional company), variety of classes provided, performance opportunities, spot and length of program. What are the advantages to training locally or going out of state? Peter Stark A family must decide how far they want to choke for a summer program. in that location is an expense with increased distan ce.Summer programs can offer a great sampling of an area for future employment. There are many excellent programs worldwide that will improve a young dancer both near and far. Do check out the protection of the city, school and dormitory to determine if it meets the family needs. Also, ask about transportation for the students during the program. Students at the Joffrey Ballet Summer Intensive Deanna Seay The most obvious advantage to staying local is the orifice of staying at home while attending the session, or at least being close to home, which can be comforting to both parents and students attending embarkment programs the root time.As long as students have access to local programs that provide the number of classes they need, there isnt really a need to travel far at a young age. Once students reach high school age and are more mature, going out of state becomes an excerption parents might feel more comfortable with. That being said, there will always be those young studen ts who have the talent and maturity for an out-of-state experience at eleven or twelve. What advice do you have for those taking summer intensive auditions? Alexei Kremnev and Amanda McAlpine It is important to be as prepared as possible.Check the programs website for any headshots or photos needed, audition fee and attire requirements. If it is possible to pre-register online, it will save you time during the day of the audition. During the audition, do your best and keep a dogmatic location. If you excel in a particular area or step, be sure to stand in front or go in the first group. If you are not as strong in other areas, you may want to wait to go in the second group. Regardless, always look nice and smile. The judges may not realize that you may have made a mistake because they are concentrating on watching many other dancers too.Peter Stark Always dress neat in a dress code. Do not wear any warm-up shorts, skirts or jewelry. Have a head shot and dance photo (arabesque is good) available even if not specifically requested in the audition announcement. Have a positive attitude and try your best. Often schools are looking for potential, not accomplishment. If a combination isnt perfect, thats okay as long as you gave it a good try with a happy demeanor. Try to likewise pick up any nuance when the teacher is demonstrating the combination. What accents are they using in the music?How are they holding their hands and head? Be open to change and to trying something new. Deanna Seay PAY ATTENTION TO THE DETAILS Watch everything the teacher does when demonstrating a combination and list to everything the teacher may say. These details are part of what the teacher will be trying to teach the student, so the students need to prove that they are responsive, loose and truly interested. Some teachers will be very specific about where students stand and how they enter or exit the dancing space and it is important to check and adhere to their wishes.When changi ng groups, students need to walk into formation quickly and place themselves immediately in the starting position. Students should appear neatly dressed. Female ballet students need to wear pink tights and a conservatively colored leotard. Black is traditional and the best choice. Men need to wear the traditional black tights and white t-shirt, which needs to be tucked in. Absolutely under no circumstances should the student wear any sort of cover-ups. Shoes, whether flat shoes or pointe shoes, need to be properly sewn and all drawstrings, ribbons and elastics should be tied and tucked out of sight.Hair should be securely pulled away from the face in a bun, French twist or other practical, yet attractive, shape. What does a summer intensive cost? Students at Cary Ballet Conservatorys Intensive Summer Training Program. Deanna Seay Families with students wishing to attend a five-week summer ballet intensive will need to prepare to spend about $5,000 for tuition, room and board. A few smaller programs may cost $1,000-2,000 less. Many programs offer financial aid and scholarships, so it is good to ask. Peter Stark.On average most ballet summer intensive programs run about $1,000 per week, including tuition, room and board. However, this can vary greatly and many full and partial scholarships can offset some of that cost. What benefits, past from technical and artistic, are there to attending a summer dance intensive? Peter Stark Hearing the same correction from a different teacher can open a young dancers perspective greatly. Of course, each teacher also has new information that can improve a dancer technically and artistically. Summer programs also pool talent from smaller schools.Students learn from each other and being surrounded by talent can be motivational and create lasting connections through ones performance career. Many dancers enter the field professionally at 18 and it is a turgid adjustment to be away from home. A summer program can start to prepar e a dancer to be self-sufficient and strong in a new setting. Deanna Seay Aside from the artistic and technical improvement that is often seen during intense summer ballet sessions (attributed to the concentration of class hours), students have a come up to meet other like-minded students and make new friends.The student can become re-inspired by seeing himself/herself in a new setting. These summer programs also expose the student to other students from other schools, and can help the student identify where she stands in relation to her peers. Alexei Kremnev and Amanda McAlpine Attending a summer dance intensive helps a dancer grow and mature in many ways. Often times, students form lasting friendships, make valuable connections, gain confidence and widen their perspectives. taken from the Dance Magazine.

George Orwell Essay Example for Free

George Orwell EssayA comparison between Dickens hard times Orwells 1984 I am writing about 2 unuseds that seem to come across as very distinguishable. Orwells novel portraying a nightmarish image of his opinionated future of Britain. Where as Dickens novel attains a vision to represent Victorian education over 150 years ago. twain of these storylines dehumanise and dictate a society, some(prenominal) of very different kinds. Charles Dickens and George Orwells novels differ in the recreation of the society and in the plot of the actual storyline. The innocence of the children and the bleak severity of the head teacher is what dickens focuses on to display his thoughts of Victorian schools. In which Orwell depicts a society where everything is bleak and distraught and dictated by a soulless party, BIG BROTHER. Further to a greater extent twain novels were written at totally different generations, Dickens being the Victorian times and Orwells being the mid nineteen hundreds. Despite all these exserts that divide the novels isolated they seem to come across as very similar.Within closer inspection of the novels they seem to twain control and authorise their societies. Orwell has used an empowering character as his leader he has created a party lead by BIG BROTHER. Where as in Dickens approach to create a leader he has used a less excessive and extreme character called Mr Gradgrind, the head teacher who only implicates facts. Although he may not be as demanding as Orwells approach, he uses satire to dissolve the pupils mentality. Both of these characters apply a very dominating attitude towards there audience and offer them no thought and identity. young woman number 20 6079 Smith Both authors have produced an atmosphere where people who are commanded by them, are clarified as mindless objects rather than individuals with an imagination. This strips them bulge out to nothing notwithstanding factorised minds in one case, and an imagination that hardl y existed in Orwells novel. In an extract from Hard times, the author disembowels the imagination of the students and use the idea of Morgiana the 40 thieves. Not unlike Morgiana looking into all the vessels ranged before him This gives an idea of Mr Gradgrind pouring the facts from his factorised mind, into the students damaged imagination. This compares with Orwells approach, where BIG BROTHER brutally demolishes the entire imagination and thought, as they proceed in a decayed dystopia. An additional contrast linking the novels together is, the stern and domineering party in both societies. The BIG BROTHER party emphasises the issue of them surveying the society of the party members and this is persistently repeated in the novel.In which Mr Gradgrind constantly stresses the importance of facts and crushes the childrens minds, until they grasp the significance of facts. In this life, we want nothing but facts, sir nothing but facts BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU These two quotatio ns illustrate the emphasis and constant repetition of the parties. The author uses these effects to not only get the picture imprinted in the mind of the characters, but also into the readers. Furthermore, the BIG BROTHER party in Orwells novel, links very well with Dickens criticizing character, Mr Gradgrind.These two characters both contrast and appear as very similar in personality and in appearance. They both are displayed with a face that jolts the reader, and creates in their imagination a daunting and depressing figure. The black-moustachioed face gazed down while the tail eyes looked into Winstons own While his eyes found commodious cellarage in two dark caves, over shadowed by the wall The first quotation is Orwell showing his opinion of BIG BROTHER gazing with fear, and this compares extremely well with dickens attempt to create the same sort of atmosphere.Dickens expresses more scarce by using a metaphor to show his view of a leader, he also goes into more detail about t he bold figure of Mr Gradgrind. Not only do they link well in appearance, but also in attitude towards their society. Both seem to dictate, and show immense power on the regulations of their own society. In conclusion, I feel that both authors have created a society and atmosphere that both link together and show many similarities.Although they may well both show differences, they dont even compare with the shear amount of evidence that link the novels together. separately author has created authority, control and power to create an atmosphere that can dictate a whole society. In this case the societies are very alike and the looking of speech used by each author is much the same. In my opinion, these two novels equally portray a society that can create a vision for the reader to see a glimpse of the past or what may be a glimpse of the future.

Literature Review: Looked After Children

Literature Review Looked After ChildrenLooked by and by children is the legislative term for children and green people in public c be introduced in the 1989 Children Act and accepts children who argon subject to supervision and live with family members as well as looked after and accommodated children who live with foster carers or in re fountntial schooldayss or care homes. (stinting Executive cc7) The Children (Scotland) Act 1995 adopted the term looked after, taking a lead from the earlier Children Act 1989 in England and Wales, because the expression in care had construct pejorative and stigmatising. (Connelly, Seibelt and Furniv all 2008) These children have a right to expect to achieve the same educational outcomes the Government want for every child -to develop the knowledge, skills and attributes they will motivating if they are to succeed in life, learning and survey, now and in the future. (Scottish Executive 2004 to date) (Department For Children, Schools And Famili es 2010)To allow LAC to achieve these outcomes victoryfully, local authorities as corporate parents (meaning the drawal and local partnerships needed between all local authority departments and services, and associated agencies, who are responsible for dissembleing together to meet the needs of looked after children and young people) should demonstrate the strongest dedication to helping every child to achieve the highest educational standards he or she possibly can. (Scottish Executive 2007)Looked after children and young people face many barriers to their success in education. We take these children into care to improve their life chances, though some do well, despite the difficulties faced in other aspects of their lives, the educational achievement of looked after children as a group remains unacceptably low. (Department For Children, Schools And Families 2010) (Scottish Executive 2007)(Connelly and Chakrabarti 2008) (Department For Children, Schools And Families 2009)(Coul ling 2000) circuit board 1 shows both(prenominal)(prenominal) information about the expected levels for nigh children at disparate school stages and also a comparison between the assessed levels for looked after children and non-looked after children nationally in 2003. This information has only been make available publicly erstwhile and is no longer collected as a result of the developments associated with Curriculum for Excellence. The table shows clearly the overall low achievement of looked after pupils compared with their non-looked after peers.Table 1 National Assessment Data 2003 (Scottish Government 2004)School stageLevel attainedEnglish ReadingEnglish ReadingEnglish opusEnglish WritingMathsMathsNot LACLACNot LACLACNot LACLACP2A or above52%29%42%20%76%57%P3A or above88%74%85%69%95%89%P4B or above81%56%75%50%79%52%P5B or above92%73%88%64%92%73%P6C or above86%59%75%40%80%46%P7D or above73%34%60%20%69%24%However, as stated by the Scottish Government, this information is n ot complete. It only contains information from ii thirds of local authority areas. Lack of complete info on Looked after Children is an issue spoken about frequently in articles and reports. (Jacklin, Robinson, and Torrance 2006)However, it is believed that the overall trends, which show a widening of the attainment gap between children who are and are not looked after, with each school stage, are accurate.The companionable Exclusion Units report A Better Education for Children in Care (2003) identified vanadium key reasons why looked after children underachieve in educationtheir lives are characterised by instabilitythey spend too much time out of schoolthey do not have sufficient help with their education if they fall behindprimary carers are not expected or equipped to forget sufficient support and encouragement for learning and development andthey have unmet emotional, mental and physical health needs that impact on their educationThese reasons are reflect in other reports (Scottish Executive date unknown)(Scottish Government 2008)(Connelly, Seibelt and Furnivall 2008) but these also suggest that some LAC face so many difficulties in their lives that schooling seems to be of low priority to them and to the agencies providing support. They suggest that schooling is also often given insufficient priority when making and surveiling care plans.Despite the common perception in society that children in care are simply uninterested in learning, the vast majority (97 per cent) consider education important, with nearly two-thirds (61 per cent) giving future affair as the reason8. Many enjoy school, with around a third (35 per cent) identifying specific subjects or learning as their favourite aspect. (Social Exclusion Unit 2003) The stigma of macrocosm looked after can cause isolation, low self-esteem, difficulty in making friends, and bullying. Frequent moves of placement and school disrupt education. Difficult life events can move concentration and the a bility to make relationships. School can, potencely, be a very good and consistent experience for a looked after child or young person. (Scottish Executive date unknown)The children and young people themselves invariably joint that education and educational attainment are important to them. They understand that how well they do at school with have an impact in their achievements in adulthood. (Scottish Government 2008)However, not all children in care have good experiences of school.They are 10 generation more likely than others to be permanently excluded from school.Over a third say they have been excluded at some point.Six out of 10 say they have been bullied at school compared to roughly one in six of all children.One in eight missed five or more weeks schooling in 2001-2. (Social Exclusion Unit 2003)We believe the current levels of educational attainment can be transformed if the carcass is changed so that the joint efforts of all those who care about the learning of these c hildren can have their maximum effect. (Department For Children, Schools And Families 2009)Executive, S., 2007. Looked after Children Young People We can and must do Better.(Scottish Executive 2004 to date)Department For Children, S.A.F., 2010. Promoting the educational Achievement of Looked After Children Statutory Guidance for Local Authorities,Connelly, G. Chakrabarti, M., 2008. Improving the educational experience of children and young people in public care a Scottish perspective. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 12(4), pp.347-361Department For Children, S.A.F., 2009. Improving the Educational Attainment of Children in care ( Looked after Children ) Attainment of Children in Care ( Looked after Children ),Social Exclusion Unit, 2003. Social Exclusion Unit Report A better education for children in care.,Scottish Executive (date unknown) About looked after children. http//www.lookedafterchildrenscotland.org.uk/about/index.asp accessed on 7th October 2010Scottish G overnment, 2008. Count Us In. Improving the Education of our Looked after Children.,Scottish Government (2004) Childrens Social Work Statistics 2003-04. Available online at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/10/20121/45478 accessed eleventh January 2011Connelly, G., Seibelt, L. Furnivall, J., 2008. Glasgow Project Report Supporting Looked After Children and Young People at School A Scottish Case Study. Assessment.Jacklin, A., Robinson, C. Torrance, H., 2006. When lack of data is data do we really know who our lookedafter children are? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 21(1), pp.1-20.Coulling, N., 2000. Definitions of Successful Education for the Looked After Child a Multi-agency Perspective. Support for Learning, 15(1), pp.30-35.Therapies for crabby person intercession An AnalysisTherapies for Cancer Treatment An AnalysisImmunotherapyBetter understanding of the biology of cancer cells has led to the development of biologic agents that mimic some of the in dwelling types that the dust uses to control cell harvest-time. Clinical trials have shown that this cancer workment, calledbiological response modifier (BRM) therapy,biologic therapy,biotherapy, orimmunotherapy, is effective for several(prenominal) cancers. Some of these biologic agents, which occur naturally in the body, can now be made in the lab. Examples are interferons, interleukins, and other cytokines. These agents imitate or influence the natural tolerant response of the body. By altering the cancer cell growth or by acting indirectly to help healthy cells control the cancer.One of the around exciting applications of biologic therapy has come from identifying certain tumour targets, called antigens, and aiming an antibody at these targets. This method was first use to find tumors and diagnose cancer and more recently has been employ to treat cancer cells. Scientists produce monoclonal antibodies that are specifically targeted to chemical components of cancer cells. Refinements to these methods, using recombinant DNA technology, have improved the effectiveness and decreased the side effects of these treatments. The first therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, rituximab (Rituxan) and trastuzumab (Herceptin) were approved during the late 1990s to treat lymphoma and breast cancer, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies are now routinely apply to treat certain cancers.Scientists are also studying vaccines that boost the bodys immune response to cancer cells. For instance, a 2009 lymphoma study looked at personalized vaccines made from tissue from each patients tumor. Encouraging results showed that patients who received the vaccine lived longer disease-free than those who did not.In 2010, the FDA approved Sipuleucel-T (Provenge), a cancer vaccine for metastatic hormone-refractory prostatic cancer (prostate cancer that has mobilise and is no longer responding to hormone treatment). Unlike a preventive vaccine, which is given to prevent disease, Proveng e boosts the bodys immune systems ability to attack cancer cells in the body. This treatment helps certain men with prostate cancer live longer, though it does not cure the disease.Targeted therapyUntil the late 1990s nearly all drugs used in cancer treatment (with the exception of hormone treatments) worked by killing cells that were in the process of replicating their DNA and dividing to form 2 new cells. These chemotherapy drugs also killed some normal cells but had a greater effect on cancer cells.Targeted therapies work by influencing the processes that control growth, division, and break up of cancer cells, as well as the signals that cause cancer cells to die naturally (the way normal cells do when they are damaged or old). Targeted therapies work in several ways.Growth signal inhibitorsGrowth factors are hormone-like substances that help to tell cells when to grow and divide. Their role in fatal growth and repair of hurt tissue was first recognized in the 1960s. Later it w as realized that abnormal forms of growth factors or abnormally high levels of growth factors contribute to the growth and spread of cancer cells. Researchers also started to understand how cells recognize and respond to these factors, and how that can lead to signals inside the cells that cause the abnormal features found in cancer cells. Changes in these signal pathways have also been identified as a cause of the abnormal behaviour of cancer cells.During the 1980s, scientists found that many of the growth factors and other substances responsible for recognizing and responding to growth factor are actually products of oncogenes. Among the earliest targeted therapies that block growth signals are trastuzumab (Herceptin), gefitinib (Iressa), imatinib (Gleevec), and cetuximab (Erbitux). Current research has shown great promise for treatments in some of the more fiendishly and hard-to-treat forms of cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer, advanced kidney cancer, and glioblastoma. Second-generation targeted therapies, like dasatinib (Sprycel) and nilotinib (Tasigna), have already been found to produce faster and stronger responses in certain types of cancer and were better tolerated.Angiogenesis inhibitorsAngiogenesis is the domain of new blood vessels. The term comes from 2 Greek words angio, meaning blood vessel, and genesis, meaning beginning. Normally, this is a healthy process. New blood vessels, for instance, help the body heal wounds and repair damaged tissues. But in a person with cancer, this same process creates new, very small blood vessels that give a tumor its own blood supply and allow it to grow.Anti-angiogenesis agents are types of targeted therapy that use drugs or other substances to stop tumors from making the new blood vessels they need to keep growing. This sentiment was first proposed by Judah Folk man in the early 1970s, but it wasnt until 2004 that the first angiogenesis inhibitor, bevacizumab (Avastin), was approved. Currently used to treat advanced colorectal, kidney, and lung cancers, bevacizumab is being analyse as treatment for many other types of cancer, too. Many new drugs that block angiogenesis have become available since 2004.Apoptosis-inducing drugsApoptosis is a natural process done which cells with DNA too damaged to repair such as cancer cells can be forced to die. Many anti-cancer treatments (including radiation and chemotherapy) cause cell changes that at last lead to apoptosis. But targeted drugs in this group are different, because they are aimed specifically at the cell substances that control cell survival and death.Novel Approaches for Cancer TreatmentLiposomes Liposomes were first introduced by Bangham in 1965 and afterwards became the most popular and versatile tool in controlled and targeted drug delivery.Since liposomes were first described 45 years agone 19 they have gained interests for a multifariousness of applications including drug delivery 20.Liposomes used for drug delive ry are usually about 100 nm in surface and are made up of a single bilayer. As liposomes comprise an aqueous core sealed off by a PL tissue layer both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs can be accommodated in their respective compartments 18.Liposomes consist of spherical lipid bilayers that can be produced from phospholipids and cholesterol. Liposomes can encapsulate a variety of molecules, such as small drug molecules, proteins and many other bioactive(s). These vesicles are generally considered as biodegradable and imperceptibly immunogenic,and can also be used for a large number of biomedical applications. Recently, DOX and fluoxetine encapsulated liposomes have been reported to be effective formulation against drug-resistant MCF-7 cells. It was observed that liposomes significantly stiffend tissue bio dispersal of anticancer agents with improvedcytotoxicity. Liposomes are simple colloidal vesicles with an aqueous interior enclosed by a membrane usually make up of phospholipid (PL) molecules. PLs, the major components of biological membrane are amphiphilic compounds with a polar head group and lipophilic acyl chains. PLs can be classified according to type of polar head group, bufflehead acid chain length and degree of saturation.When bilayer forming PLs are dispersed in aqueous media they will spontaneously align themselves in a manner to reduce interactions between the polar media and the hydrophobic fatty acid chains. Consequently, bilayer structures, i.e. liposomes, may be formed. Liposomes may consist of one or more bilayers (lamellae) and of sizes ranging from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres in diameter. For a review see 17. Liposomes are broadly classified into small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) single bilayer, size 10 100 nm), large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) single bilayer, size 100 1000 nm), multilamellar vesicles (MLV), several bilayers, size 100 nm 20 um and multivesicular vesicles (MVV), size 100 nm 20um).Today there are about 15 liposomal based formulationdrugs approved for clinical applications or undergoing clinical evaluation,Liposomes in cancer treatment Conventional cytostatic used in cancer treatment are small molecular weight molecules 4. such molecules distribute non-specifically to both healthy and tumour tissue resulting in therapy limiting toxicities. To increase the therapeutic-to-toxicity ratio cytostatic can be encapsulated into small liposomes (100 nm), which accumulate in tumours due to the 14enhanced permeability and retention effect 21. Here, leaky tumour vessels allow macromolecules to extravagate into tumour tissue, whilst reduced lymphatic tumour drainage results in particle accumulation. original generation liposomes used for drug delivery suffered from fast clearance by cells of the monocyte phagocyte system (MPS). By coating liposomes with polyethylene glycol (PEG), i.e. PEGylated liposomes, adhesion of plasma proteins and opsonin to liposomes are decreased. Consequently, immune system recognition is reduced, decreasing MPS uptake and prolongs circulation time 22. Today, most liposomes used for drug delivery are PEGylated. Cancer is a class of diseases. Which is characterized by out-of-control cell growth.There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected.Nanotechnology has been extensively exploited to improve conventional cancer therapy in the recent years 15. The designed nanocarriers for achieving precise drug delivery to cancer cells are expected to be non-cytotoxic, expeditiously load the drugs, enhance the circulation time in bloodstream, and actively target the cancer cells6. The nanocarriers currently under intensive investigation can be divided into two categories in generalise. The lipid-based and the polymer-based with liposomes and polymeric nanoparticle as their typical representative respectively. Liposomes, the spherical vesicles formed by single or multiple lipid bilayer, hav e been widely used due to their high biocompatibility, favourable pharmacokinetic profile, high delivery efficiency and ease of surface modification. In the recent years, several liposomal drug formulations have been approved for clinical use 7.Limitations of liposomal drug delivery include insufficient drug loading, fast drug release, and instability in storage 8.Historically, lipids have been used for several decades in various drug delivery systems including liposomes solid lipid NPs, nano structured lipid carriers, andlipiddrug conjugates. Over the last decade, lipid based nano carriers are viewed as potential tool to encapsulate and deliver variety of pharmaceutical actives44,45. The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are the first and second generation of lipid nanoparticles, respectively. The SLNs are composed of solid lipid or a blend of solid lipids while NLCs contain a mixed lipid core (solid fat and oil)45. generally regarded as saf e GRAS nature of lipid and the structural integrity of the polymer. Thus far, the polymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) 46,47, hydrolysed polymer of epoxidized soybean oil (HPESO) 48,49, dextran 50, polyethyleneimine (PEI) 51, LPNs, are prepared by at least three main components are i.e., the lipid, the polymer, and a drug. The first way to prepare the LPNPs is to mix the polymeric NPs with liposomes to form the lipid-shell and polymer-core nanoparticles such as lipoparticles where the lipid bilayer or lipid multilayer of the liposomes fuses on the surface of the polymeric NPs.5253 The second way to prepare the LPNPs has advantage over the first way in formulating the structured NPs in a single step and thus provides a simpler technology, which combines the nanoprecipiation method and the self-assembly technique to produce the desired structured NPs of lipid shell and polymer core 54,55Folic acid is selected as the toughie molecular probe for targeted delivery of the drug to the cancer cells of folate overexpression such as certain breast cancer and ovarian cancer cells. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), one of the most popular FDA approved non-cytotoxic and biodegradable polymers,is used to form the polymer core matrix, which is wrapped by the mixed lipid monolayer shell of three distinct functional components(i) 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylocholine (DLPC), a phospholipid of an appropriate hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value which is employed to stabilize the NPs in the aqueous phase(ii) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG2k), a PEGlyated DSPE to facilitate stealth NPs formulation to escape from recognition by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and thus increase the systemic circulation time of the LPNPs28,29,and(iii)1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamineNfolate(polyethylene glycol)-5000 (DSPE-PEG5k-FOL), a PEGylated DSPE of longer PEG chains for the LPNPs to be functiona lized by folic acid conjugation for targeted delivery purpose.Superparamagnetic atomic number 26 oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS as delivery systems)Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have emerged as an MRI contrast agent for tumor imaging due to their efficacy and safety. Their utility has been proven in clinical applications with a series of marketed SPION-based contrast agents. Extensive research has been performed to study various strategies that could improve SPION by tailoring the surface chemistry and by applying additional therapeutic functionality. Research into the dual-modal contrast uses of SPION has developed because these applications can save time and effort by reducing the number of imaging sessions. In addition to multimodal strategies, efforts have been made to develop multifunctional nanoparticles that carry both diagnostic and therapeutic cargos specifically for cancer. Advances in nanotechnology have permitted new possibilities for theranostics, which are defined as the combination of therapy and imaging within a single platform 56, 57. Nanotechnology is applied to molecular imaging in the form of imaging probes capable of enhancing the sensitivity of the take in and the specificity toward the target tissue. Usually, the imaging probeconsists of nanoparticles conjugated with active targeting ligands 58, 59.Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have a superparamagnetic iron core, which makes them useful as T2 contrast agents for MRI. SPION can be detected withhigh sensitivity, and both the iron and polymer components of SPION are biocompatible and degradable 60.The size of iron oxide nanoparticles plays a major rolein target cell uptake and elimination from the body. Spleen and liver capture nanoparticles of more than 200 nm in diameter whereas particles having sizes below 10 nm are selectively filtered by renal systems and eliminated from body 61.The majority of nanoparticles in development include drug conjug ates and complexes, micelles, dendrimers, vesicles, coreshell particles, microbubbles, and carbon nanotubes 62.Dendrimer-based Nanoparticles for Cancer TreatmentNanotechnology has led to a remarkable convergence of disparate fields including biology, applied physics, optics, computational analysis, and modeling, as well as materials science. Because of this, the application of nano scale analytical, computational, and synthetic approaches to understanding and manipulating complex biological systems offers incredible potential for advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recent work has suggested that nanoparticles in the form of dendrimers may be a keystone in the future of therapeutics. The field of oncology could soon be revolutionized by novel strategies for diagnosis and therapy employing dendrimer-based nano therapeutics. several(prenominal) aspects of cancer therapy would be involved. Diagnosis using imaging techniques such as MRI will be improved by the incorporatio n of dendrimers as advanced contrast agents. This might involve novel contrast agents targeted specifically to cancer cells. Dendrimers can also be being applied to a variety of cancer therapies to improve their safety and efficacy. A strategy, somewhat akin to the Trojan horse, involves targeting anti-metabolite drugs via vitamins or hormones that tumors need for growth. Further applications of dendrimers in photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, and gene therapy for cancer are being examined.Most cancer therapeutics are small drug molecules that after being ingested or injected into the bloodstream can advantageously diffuse through vascular pores and the extracellular matrix to reach tumors. Complex therapeutics that involve drug delivery mechanisms or imaging moieties have tended to be much larger. While the exact size of molecules thatcan easily transverse vascular pores from the bloodstream and reach tumor tissue is unclear, it is probably limited to the size of proteins (