Why Mlb Should Have Instant Replay

Installing Instant Replay in Major League Baseball Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to persuade my audience and MLB to install instant replay in the game of baseball. I. Introduction *Introduce Self* A. Attention- First I am going to start off with a video of a prime example of why they should have instant replay in baseball( the replay is of a blown call by Jim Joyce that would have ended the game and preserved the 21st perfect game in baseball which major league baseball was founded in 1869 so it doesn’t happen that often B.Purpose: To persuade my audience to agree that if instant replay was in baseball that baseball would be a better sport. C. Main Points- In my speech I will be talking about what is instant replay, different ways major league baseball can use instant replay and then why Major league baseball needs instant replay. Transition: Some of you maybe asking to yourself what is instant replay and I am about to tell you. II. Body A. What is instant replay? 1. Instant replay is the replaying of video footage of an event very soon after it has occurred. 2.There are different forms of replay including slow motion, multiple camera angles, freeze frame and frame by frame review. 3. The invention of instant replay is credited to Tony Verna Transition: The one major reason why people are against using instant replay is that they say it will slow down the game of baseball and it is already slow. B. How baseball could have instant replay without slowing the game down sufficiently? 1. Such like college football where they have an official that sits in a booth and looks at every play after it is played that looks for any error that is made by an official well they could have this in MLB . Just like the NFL, where the head coaches get a red challenge flag that is good for one challenge of a play well they could have this in baseball too 3. Both of those ways have worked in football and they wouldn’t take that long so I feel baseball should us e it too.Transition: After telling you ways that they could do instant replay in MLB I am going to tell you why MLB should have instant replay. C. Why MLB should have instant replay? 1. I feel like the most important thing in baseball would be to get the call right on each and other play. . I feel like it would make baseball a better sport to watch 3. Finally I feel like baseball is the last sport not to have instant replay so baseball should join the 21st century and have instant replay too. III. Conclusion A. During my speech I told what instant replay is, how they could use instant replay to not slow the game down even more and why MLB should use instant replay in the game of baseball. B. I am going to conclude with a memorable quote â€Å" Hindsight is 20/20†. * Thank Audience*

Soren Kierkegaard

Project: Soren Kierkegaard: Mega Mind of the 19th Century Soren Kierkegaard: Mega Mind of the 19th Century As a man whose work spans across areas such as philosophy, theology, devotional literature, and more, Soren Kierkegaard is considered one of the mega-minds of philosophy and the 19th century. He was influenced by many people throughout his life, as well as influencing many people himself. With works that ranged from religious views all the way to developing a â€Å"new† way to view our surroundings, Kierkegaard was a very well-rounded and mentally profound man. There were few people that could influence such a profound mind at the time, but Kierkegaard found them both in church as well as in the realm of philosophy. As a whole Kierkegaard lead a rather boring life and was rarely seen away from his hometown of Copenhagen, Denmark. â€Å"[Kierkegaard] was educated at a prestigious boys' school (Borgerdydskolen), then attended Copenhagen University where he studied philosophy and theology. His teachers at the university included F. C. Sibbern, Poul Martin Moller, and H. L. Martensen (McDonald, 1996). † Moller had a major negative effect on Kierkegaard’s philosophic-literary development. In H. L. Martensen, he found the perfect match, someone who taught him in school and was involved in the church as well. â€Å"†¦when [Martensen] became Bishop Primate of the Danish People’s Church, Kierkegaard published a vitriolic attack on Martensen’s theological views (McDonald, 1996). † Martensen was considered one of Kierkegaard’s chief intellectual rivals. Another very important figure in Kierkegaard's life was J. L. Heiberg, the doyen of Copenhagen's literati (McDonald, 1996). † Heiberg influenced Kierkegaard to write his first major publication, â€Å"†¦From the Papers of One Still Living, [which] is largely an attempt to articulate a Heibergian aesthetics – which is a modified version of Hegel's aesthetics (McDonald, 1996). † Another group of people/entities that profoundly influenced Ki erkegaard were his mother, his father, and God. His mother had no visible impact on Kierkegaard’s writing, but â€Å"†¦for a writer who places so much emphasis on indirect communication, and on the semiotics of invisibility, we should regard this absence as significant (McDonald, 1996). † There was even another philosopher named Johannes Climacus that stated â€Å"†¦ ‘in Concluding Unscientific Postscript  remarks, ‘†¦ how deceptive then, that an omnipresent being should be recognisable precisely by being invisible’ (McDonald, 1996). † His father’s influence has been noted quite frequently in Kierkegaard’s works. Not only did Kierkegaard inherit his father's melancholy, his sense of guilt and anxiety, and his pietistic emphasis on the dour aspects of Christian faith, but he also inherited his talents for philosophical argument and creative imagination (McDonald, 1996). Kierkegaard was a very religious man, even though he did not attend church on a regular basis. â€Å"He perceived God and existence of life from a humanistic view emphasizing the total autonomy of man (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011). As almost a lone man standing, Kierkegaard was in seclusion publishing his writings for most of his adult life, due to the atheism of fellow philosophers of his time. â€Å"[Kierkegaard’s] legacy was his belief that our response to God should be one of unrestrained passion toward our beloved (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011). † During his later years Kierkegaard felt that the Christian religion had become corrupt through secular and political involvement, so he started to attack Christ endom saying that the individual is fully responsible for their faith in God without doctrinal influence. The Christian ideal, according to Kierkegaard, is even more exacting since the totality of an individual's existence is the artefact on the basis of which s/he is judged by God for h/er eternal validity. Of course a writer's work is an important part of h/er existence, but for the purpose of judgment we should focus on the whole life not just on one part (McDonald, 1996) Kierkegaard influenced others as well with his works that were published and unpublished throughout his lifetime. Kierkegaard’s Christian philosophy may have been rejected by clergy, but he certainly influenced individual Christians who became enamored with his theology. Most notably are American theologians Paul Tillich and Lincoln Swain, and philosophers from Europe — Karl Jaspers, Gabriel Marcel, Miguel de Unamuno — and from Russia Nikolai Berdyaev (Philosopher Kierkegaard, 2011) Kierkegaard is known as one of the fathers of existentialism. Existentialists are characterized by: * They are obsessed with how to live one's life and believe that philosophical and psychological inquiry can help. They believe there are certain questions that everyone must deal with (if they are to take human life seriously), and that these are special — existential — questions. Questions such as death, the meaning of human existence, the place of God in human existence, the meaning of value, interpersonal relationship, the place of self-reflective conscious knowledge of one's self in existing. Note that the existentialists on this characterization don't pay much attention to â€Å"social† questions such as the politics of life and what â€Å"social† responsibility the society or state has. They focus almost exclusively on the individual. By and large Existentialists believe that life is very difficult and that it doesn't have an â€Å"objective† or universally known value, but that the individual must create value by affirming it and living it, not by talking about it. Existential choices and values are primarily demonstrated in ACT not in words. Given that one is focusing on individual existence and the â€Å"existential† struggles (that is, in making decisions that are meaningful in everyday life), they often find that literary characterizations rather than more abstract philosophical thinking, are the best ways to elucidate existential struggles. They tend to take freedom of the will, the human power to do or not do, as absolutely obvious. Now and again there are arguments for free will in Existentialist literature, but even in these arguments, one gets the distinct sense that the arguments are not for themselves, but for â€Å"outsiders. † Inside the movement, free will is axiomatic, it is intuitively obvious, it is the backdrop of all else that goes on. There are certainly exceptions to each of these things, but this is sort of a placing of the existentialist-like positions. Corbett, 1985) Kierkegaard contributed to this movement with his works due to the influence of his father and others that are previously mentioned, with a melancholy typed self actualization mind set. Kierkegaard did not believe that everyone on earth had the same plan for life, or that they were all here for the same reason, in fact he believed the exact opposite, all people on earth have a different life path, whether that be Christianity or at heism, â€Å"plumber or surgeon†, smart or dumb, he believed that the individual has the power to fulfill whatever destiny they please. One xistential quote found was posted by an anonymous user stated, there is no luck, no fate, no ultimate plan in life, there is just determination†¦100% determination to succeed and make something of yourself. As one of the founding fathers of existentialism and a great mind of his time Soren Kierkegaard is now remembered as a mega-mind of the 19th century. With influences galore and a self actualizing personality, he formed a great reputation for himself. Maybe not recognized in his time, Soren Kierkegaard is by far one of the most influential philosophers of the modern world. References Corbett, B. (1985, March). What is Existentialism? Retrieved November 10, 2011, from Webster. edu website: http://www. webster. edu/? ~corbetre/? philosophy/? existentialism/? whatis. html McDonald, W. (1996, December 3). 1. Kierkegaard’s Life. In Soren Kierkegaard. Retrieved November 10, 2011, from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy website: http://plato. stanford. edu/? entries/? kierkegaard/? #Chron Philosopher Kierkegaard. (2011). Retrieved November 10, 2011, from AllAboutPhilosophy. org website: http://www. allaboutphilosophy. org/? philosopher-kierkegaard-faq. htm

A Tragic Hero Things Fall Apart English Literature Essay

A Tragic Hero Things Fall Apart English Literature Essay Things Fall Apart is an intriguing story of how an Indian tribe is cultivated and one man’s pride brings him down. Okonkwo is flawed but has a desire to do good for his clan. As the protagonist the clan’s conflict is sought out by Okonkwo and his excessive pride. Building his compound from nothing, Okonkwo demands authority and power amongst his fellow clansmen. By the end of the story Okonkwo is unwilling to compromise due to his pride and is brought down by it even though he has a good clan stature and power. Okonkwo is a tragic hero and fulfils all the qualifications to be considered one. There are four criteria of a tragic hero, which shape the character’s fate. The character must be flawed but have the potential or want to do good, and have a lot of pride. Conflict is attempted to be resolved by the hero because they are often the protagonist. A protagonist is a leading character that is used to influence the direction of the plot. The tragic hero has oppor tunity, wealth, or power. In the end the tragic hero’s quality of excessive pride will bring him down and the opposite of what the reader thinks will happen does indeed occur. Okonkwo is the son of Unoka, who was a very lazy and worthless man who held no tribe titles and did not look after his family. Many people knew Unoka as this and his name was soiled. He borrowed lots of money from friends and deceived them by not so much as attempting to repay them. Having been born at this disadvantage Okonkwo had to work extra hard to have a normal lifestyle or even to rise above that as a leader in the Umuofia clan. â€Å"Okonkwo did not have the start in life which many young men usually had. He did not inherit a barn from his father. There was no barn to inherit†(Achebe, 19). This quote exploits Okonkwo’s father as a failure and defines Okonkwo as a tragic hero not because of his low birth status but because of the internal hatred it creates in him. He becomes cold he arted to anything weak or lazy and can not easily be pleased with anything. Later his son Nwoye leaves him because of his harsh treatment, even though Okonkwo had good intentions. Nwoye attended the Christian church and was brutally beaten when asked where he had been. A neighboring tribe committed a crime against the Umuofia clan and Okonkwo was sent as a messenger to lay out options. â€Å"And such was the deep fear that their enemies had for Umuofia that they treated Okonkwo like a king and brought him a virgin who was given to Udo as wife, and the lad Ikemefuna† (Achebe, 59). Okonkwo is very strong and his chi agrees with him making him more powerful. He is aggressive and respected due to his pride and confidence that he carries about himself. This leads him to be uncompromising and violent, but he uses these qualities for what he thinks is good.

Comapnay Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comapnay Law - Essay Example (Gleghorn) Section 151 in the 1985 Companies Act declares the prohibition of financial assistance of one's own shares in a public company and legal actions such as fines and imprisonment can be taken if this is done, this can be considered as a precautionary action to provide a certain step back safety option for investors from major capital loss risks. Private companies however have certain law exceptions which give them an escape to provide financial assistance. The court case of Brady v Brady involving two brothers sharing a family business was the first to encounter this issue and they filed a petition feeling that their assts where not justly divided upon a previous agreement. The judge consequently allowed financial assistance as an exception to the withheld rule though at first it was not seen to fit the frame of permitted cases. "Infringing the prohibition on financial assistance is a criminal offence and may involve serious civil consequences. This uncertainty has prompted calls for reform, which the government would appear to be addressing in its White Paper "Modernising Company Law" by proposing to simplify the rules for public companies and to abolish the restrictions altogether for private companies." (Gleghorn) The many advantages from omitting this section was removing the negative effect it had on private companies, remove the burden of falling into illegal traps, avoid time consuming procedures such as whitewashing and by so save the money spent on it. In an effort to develop an effective infrastructure for companies to work in, an independent group was formed to oversee the management of the 1998 DTI review and, following an extensive process of consultation, presented its final report on 26 July 2001 which included the following recommendations (Government's White Paper, "Modernizing Company Law" (July 2002)) for the abolition of complex rules on financial assistance for private companies: Abolition of the whitewash procedure. The financial assistance provisions should in future apply only to public companies. So the whitewash procedure will no longer be necessary for private companies. It is unlikely to be extended to apply to public companies. The prohibition would also no longer apply to unlimited companies. Foreign subsidiaries. The scope of the prohibition should be amended so that it is made clear that the prohibition does not apply to provision of financial assistance by a foreign subsidiary for the acquisition of shares in its British parent company. Criminal sanctions. Criminal sanctions for breach of the financial assistance provision should continue for directors but should be relaxed for companies. Transactions should no longer be void solely on the grounds that they constitute unlawful financial assistance. How Companies Act 2006 will change the law in this area The Secretary of State, Alistair Darling, said that, "this Act will ensure Britain remains one of the best places in the world to

Small-scale research project Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Small-scale research project - Outline Example However, the researcher discovered that cervical cancer screening has been available in virtually all countries as part of primary care and family planning programs. Uganda was one country that introduced preventative health screening long ago. Nevertheless, after several years, cervical cancer remains the leading cause of death due to cancer among women 15 years of age and older and the mortality rate for this disease has been increasing (WHO/ICO, 2010). Robles (2000) suggested that an explanation for the problem lie in the concept of prevention; and for many women this concept may not be fully understood. It became apparent and alarming to the researcher that the prevalence of cervical cancer in Uganda was high (WHO/ICO, 2010). As a human service professional, the researcher began to inquire about the nature of the problem in an attempt to understand the reasons why women who had accessible healthcare failed to obtain these life saving screening tests. The research studies had not looked at the issue of womens reasoning for not seeking cervical cancer screening with a qualitative eye. The purpose of this study is to provide a qualitative approach to the investigation of cervical cancer in Uganda. The phenomenological approach design will discover a Ugandan womans perspective on health and a disease that is unique to her. Cervical cancer can affect her sexuality, gender identity, fertility, and mortality. Discovering the cultural influences that motivate or deter her from seeking screening will add to the existing work already done and those yet to materialise. The ultimate goal is to broaden the possibilities of discovering methods to eradicate this disease. The main research question is, would using a qualitative study specifically employing ethnographic techniques discover the reasons why Uganda women fail to seek cervical cancer screening? The objectives of this study are: What are the health beliefs of

Being HR manager Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Being HR manager - Personal Statement Example Employee relations will be influenced by my position through the imposition of policies inside the firm. It is the responsibility of the owner to have clear policies regarding recruitment, promotions, salary and incentive systems, performance appraisal and many others. To have good or bad employee relations inside the workplace highly depends on how I will handle my employees. When it comes to employee evaluation performance, the position of being the firm owner gives me the power to choose the performance appraisal system that will be implemented in the workplace. Disciplinary procedures, on the other hand, will still be affected by my position because I will have the last say on what procedures to use to ensure that my employees are well-disciplined for the betterment of the company. When it comes to management style, I'd choose to have a participative management because although I have a hundred employees, I believe that it is still possible to handle given proper procedures. I think participative management is the best for a technology firm since this type of management style encourages employee involvement when it comes to decision-making and sharing of ideas (Davidmann). I believe that a technology firm needs a lot of brilliant minds to keep brilliant ideas flowing inside the workplace which can help a lot in the improvement of the services that the firm can offer. With this type of management. I think employee relations in the firm will be better because the employees are given the opportunity to speak their minds. With this, they can always be consulted with the firm's decisions and their suggestions can always be considered. When it comes to employee evaluation performance, participative management will still have a good effect since the employees are use d to speaking their minds inside the workplace. Results of the evaluation will be more reflective of what is really happening inside the company. With this type of management style, employees will be encouraged to comply with disciplinary procedures since participative management offers rewards more than punishments. The policies that I will be implementing, given that I do participative management will be highly concentrated on employee motivation and work satisfaction. This will have a good effect on employee relations since the workers are satisfied with their work and less complaints are expected. When it comes to employee evaluation, an appraisal procedure like the 360-degree feedback system, I guess, will be the most effective since it encourages the employees to comment about the company, their co-workers, and their own performance. The policies that I will implement will have to be fair, effective, and consistent so disciplinary procedures will have to be strict but not suppressive. Handling Workplace Bullies As a human resource specialist, it is my concern to handle workplace bullies. According to Penenberg, workplace bullying is a "pattern of behavior that takes many forms and includes a host of offensive behaviors, from screaming insults to ignoring employees' contributions." In order to prevent this form happening in the workplace, proper education about the behaviors that can be considered harassment should be done before every once in a while. Employees should know the proper behavior inside the workplace. Trainings can also help in preventing workplace bullying

Nursing care during Primary Angioplasty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing care during Primary Angioplasty - Essay Example Details to be collected typically include – onset duration progress of cardiac symptoms, similar complaints in the past, any other major illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, medicines with dosage, previous surgeries, any allergies, etc. Details are provided to the respective physician and orders noted accordingly. Meanwhile the patient and the relatives are provided counseling and assurance. Coronary Angioplasty is planned in this patient to widen the occluded coronary artery. These arteries supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscles. These arteries get occluded due to fatty tissue or atheroma resulting in reduced blood supply to the heart causing chest pain. Angioplasty is performed to open up the blocked vessels by compressing fatty tissue against anterior coronary vessel wall. This procedure helps to improve blood flow through the vessels to the heart muscles and helps in relieving chest pain. Also, this procedure is advised when - a. Medicines like calcium channel bloc ker, beta adnergic blockers or nitrates fail to correct coronary heart disease symptoms (NICE technology appraisal guidance 71) or b. There is recurrence of chest pain post CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery). Coronary angioplasty can be planned procedure or an emergency procedure in the case of heart attack and unstable chest pain with acute myocardial infarction. (Coronary Angioplasty and Stents) This operation is performed either through radial artery or femoral artery. Radial route is more popular in recent times because radial artery is easily accessible and palpable. Its superficial location makes it easy to compress to achieve homeostasis later on. Normal Allen’s test ensures dual blood supply to hand. So in case of bruise to radial artery or radial blood flow shunt, hands will still receive perfusion through Ulnar artery without feeling any damage. There is less chance of nerve injury in radial method. This approach provides comfort to the patient as it allows them ability to mobilize. It is easier for the patient to notice and control any bleeding from the radial incision, the femoral artery lies deeper in leg, so compressing the artery is difficult and by the time hematoma is noted bleeding would be significant. Radial artery method is cost effective too. (Radial Approach to Cardiac Catheterisation). Coronary Angiography is performed with the Angioplasty in an emergency. Angiogram allows doctor to look inside coronary arteries and find out how severe and where the narrowed areas are. (Coronary Angioplasty and Stents) Patient is advised what medicines to be avoided on the day of the procedure, such as aspirin or any anti coagulant, which medicines should be stopped few days before the procedure and what additional medicines need to be taken. He/she is also informed about the details of the procedure along with the effect of anesthetic drugs during and after the procedure. Doctor explains about the nature of pain the patient may have. Nu rsing staff ensures that patient would not eat or drink anything 4 -5 hours before the procedure. Proper consent is taken from the patient and relatives informing them about the complication involved in it. Nursing staff prepares the patient for the procedure by checking

Meaningful use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meaningful use - Essay Example Meaningful use refers to the application of certified EHR technology in attaining specific healthcare objectives. Meaningful use is centered along the roles of healthcares professions and hospitals with respect to the adoption and implementation of EHR technology in their respective practice (CDC, 2013). This claim can be justified by the guidelines of the EHR incentive program, which requires medical professionals and hospitals to demonstrate that their chosen certified EHR has met specific health outcomes priorities. The concept of meaningful use is based on a number of vital health outcome priorities which include but not limited to improved population and public health; enhanced privacy and security of patient medical information; superior quality, efficiency, safety and minimized health disparities; enhanced care coordination; and increased engagement of patients and their families in the care (â€Å"Policymaking, Regulation†, 2012). This means that eligible medical profe ssions and hospitals must ensure that their certified EHR meets the above results before they get CMS inventive payment. The healthcare outcomes will be used as the criteria for establishing effective use of the deployed health IT tools by healthcare providers. According to the CMS incentive program eligible medical professionals, hospitals and critical access hospitals (CAHs) will receive up to $44,000 over 5 years and up to $63,750 over 6 years through the Medicare and Medicaid EHR incentive program respectively (CDC, 2013). It is noteworthy that CMS inventive program is voluntary, but negative consequences especially financial ones have been put in place for medical providers who fail to join the program by 2015. The concept of Meaningful Use was first introduced during the Obama administration though enactment and final signing of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 into law (Flanders, 2010). The ARRA through a number of measures particularly the "Health In formation Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act" has witnessed improved national healthcare IT infrastructure. The HITECH proposed the concept of meaningful use of the EHR through the country’s healthcare delivery system as a vital national goals and it remains to be the critical focus for legislative, financial and ethical concern for hospitals and professional in the healthcare sector (â€Å"Policymaking, Regulation†, 2012). The initiative for automating medical records is facilitated by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC) in conjunction with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) after the current administration realized that IT infrastructure is impetus for addressing longstanding healthcare challenges which range from escalating healthcare costs, low quality and safety, as well as high wastage (CDC, 2013). Meaningful Use has been divided into phases in order to encourage gradual widespread EHR adoption and implemen tation universally besides relieving excessive burden on medical care providers. The first phase which covers 2011 involves aspects of data capture and sharing; the second face, which involves advanced clinical processes elements covers up to 2013 while the final phase involves

Letters Arts and Sciences themes DIVERSITY and ETHICS and their Research Paper

Letters Arts and Sciences themes DIVERSITY and ETHICS and their relationship to globalization - Research Paper Example Consequently of the vicissitudes that are fast happening in the world, three features globalization, human diversity, and ethical issues are considered to be significant impact on leadership at international level and in local level. By way of examining international visions, human diversity, and ethics, leaders can move forward in the path of growth and begin the groundwork for twenty-first century leadership. In the past, even today there is a propensity for a lot of persons to think locally as they considered one’s hometown was his world. At present, societies understand that, even though this opinion may have been common during that period, globalization is speedily happening. Along with skill and communication advancement, obstacles among countries vanish, divulging everybody to new values. International perspectives are being spread to the outermost nations in the world and to the maximum remote places and societies. Persons of diverse philosophies come from diverse nations, with unlike ethics daily to live, tour, or involve in trade. Globalization has developed and will endure to be an innovative system of life. It is essential for leaders to answer to this task of globalization so that they might confidently reach out to several persons as possible. Exposing them to the world’s vicissitudes permits leaders to equate and compare their values with the arts, language, opinions, customs, ideas, and habits of living of other persons. By means of observing and inquiring a new culture, leaders can know the source of a person’s views and develop more perceptive to the cultural requirements of that person. As a result, the leaders demonstrate their admiration and genuine wish in learning more about that individual, thus beginning a rapport and developing a basis for the attainment of their objective. Further, they can acquire knowledge about how the nations and cultures of the globe labor

Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious Essay Example for Free

Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious Essay As Antonia Peacocke quotes in her essay, â€Å"The show Family Guy is one of the first in history that has been canceled not just once, but twice† (300-301). The show was brought back in August 2000 and again in July 2001 when fans could not get enough of the adult cartoon. As well as being a fan favorite, Family Guy is also a controversial topic for critics all over the world. In the essay, â€Å"Family Guy and Freud: Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious†, Antonia Peacocke analyzes the show and gives her reasons why it is not all negative and crude humor. Antonia Peacocke is a student at Harvard University. She is also a National Merit Scholar, and has won awards such as the Catherine Fairfax MacRae prize for Excellence in both English and Mathematics. She was asked to write this essay specifically for the book They Say, I say: with readings. The Peacocke’s main point of her entire essay is that she wants to let readers know why Family Guy is not a bad show, in her and others opinions, but one that has been criticized for solely bringing entertainment. Peacocke does a successful job in portraying this, but it is not completely clear until the end, where her thesis can be found. The very last sentence of the essay is her thesis: â€Å"While I love Family Guy as much as any fan, it’s important not to lose sight of what’s truly unfunny in real life – even as we appreciate what is hilarious in fiction† (Peacocke 308). Peacocke’s thesis could be a little more clear throughout her essay, therefore, I do not feel it is as effective as it could be, but the author clearly states her argument and presents her case. Peacocke starts the essay of by saying, â€Å" Before I was such a devotee, however, I was adamantly opposed to the program for its particular brand of humor† (Peacocke 300). She makes it clear her feelings about the show in the very beginning. Although she is a fan, she at one time disliked the show. She quotes Stephen Dubner, co-author of Freakonomics, as saying â€Å"a cartoon comedy that packs more gags per minute about race, sex, incest, bestiality, etc. than any other show [he] can think of† (Peacocke 300). She backs up her one time opinions by saying â€Å"It will come as no surprise that I was not alone in this view; many still denounce Family Guy as bigoted and crude† (Peacocke 300). Although the show is currently very successful, she says â€Å"It must be one of the few shows in television history that has been canceled not only once, but twice†¦ The show ran until August 2000, but was besieged by so many complaints†¦that Fox shelved it until July 2001† (Peacocke 300). Also, she says, â€Å"I must admit, I can see how parts of the show might seem offensive if taken at face value† (Peacocke 302). At one point Peacocke realized, â€Å" [I found myself] forced to give Family Guy a chance. It was simply everywhere â€Å" (Peacocke 302). One of Peacocke’s main points is that Family Guy has gained much positive attention. On Facebook, as Peacocke explains, â€Å"there are 23 universal separate Family Guy groups with a combined membership of 1,669 people (compared with only 6 groups protesting against Family Guy, with 105 members total). Users of the well-respected Internet Movie Database rate the show 8.8 out of 10† (Peacocke 303). As you can see, â€Å"among the public and within the industry, the show receives fantastic acclaim; it has won eight awards, including three primetime Emmys† (Peacocke 303). Also, when the show was on the brink of cancellation, â€Å" fans provided the brute source necessary to get it back on the air† (Peacocke 303). The more she was around the show, the more positively she viewed it. Peacocke then goes on to say that those who do not often watch the show, â€Å"could easily come to think that the cartoon takes pleasure in controversial humor just for its own s ake† Peacocke 303). The next main point that Peacocke claims is that viewers who â€Å"pay more attention and think about the creators’ intentions can see that Family Guy intelligently satirizes some aspects of American culture† (Peacocke 304). The next paragraph is a segment from an episode in season 4, which shows Stewie reading a book only because it was on the Oprah reading list. Peacocke says â€Å" [Brian and] Stewie demonstrate insightfully and comically how Americans are willing to follow the instructions of a celebrity blindly – and less willing to admit that they are doing so† (Peacocke 304). The jokes that Family Guy is known for, â€Å"attract a different kind of viewer. Such viewers are†¦conscious and critical viewers† (Peacocke 304). In my opinion, the very last sentence is the most powerful in the whole essay. Peacocke states â€Å"They are not – and I cannot stress this enough, self serving as it may seem – immoral or easily manipula ted people† (304). Peacocke says that it sheds light on, and allows viewers â€Å" the ability to analyze what they are watching, the creators of Family Guy point out the weaknesses and defects of U.S. society in a mocking and sometimes intolerant way† (Peacocke 305). A good example of this is the segment from the episode â€Å"I Am Peter, Hear Me Roar.† In this episode, â€Å"the ‘instructional video’ quoted above becomes not only funny but also insightful. In its satire, viewers can recognize the sickly sweet and falsely sensitive sexism of the 1950s in observing just how conveniently self-serving the speaker of the video appears. The message of the clips denounces and ridicules sexism rather than condoning it† (Peacocke 305). The last main point that Peacocke makes is that â€Å"Family Guy does not aim to hurt, and its creators take certain measures to keep it from hitting too hard†¦ Seth MacFarlane plainly states that there are certain jokes too upsetting to certain groups to go on the air† (Peacocke 307). Also, Peacocke states that â€Å"I believe Family Guy has its intelligent points, and some of its seemingly ‘coarse’ scenes often have hidden merit† (Peacocke 308). In the next sentence Peacocke does admit that â€Å"sometimes the creators do seem cross – or, perhaps, eagerly race past – the line of indecency† (Peacocke 308). In her closing paragraph, Peacocke questions the fact that â€Å"while Family Guy can provide a sort of relief by breaking down taboos, we must still wonder whether or not these taboos exist for a reason† (Peacocke 308). All three main points that the author makes are valid, and as seen in quotes, each main topic is backed up by main points. The first main point is that Family Guy is gaining positive attention. Although this is a valid point, as seen by the popularity, and the awards, this isn’t reason enough to call the show ‘good.’ As the author states, at one point she was not a fan of the show but it later turned onto it by exposure. The content of the show did not change for her opinion to change, she just gave the show a chance and realized she liked the humor. The second main point is that the show makes intellectual references to American culture. This is a valid point as to why the show is good. Any show with a little bit of substance makes references to the past and current topics. It tells what is going on in the world, and explains topics everybody should be aware of. The last main point is that Family Guy breaks rules that no other major TV program or network has been able to break. Although many critics believe these are rules that shouldn’t be broken, the creators believe it needs to be done. This makes it a ‘good’ because it crosses boundaries that others are afraid to cross. Conclusion will link back to first comparison to Freud. Work Cited Peacocke, Antonia. â€Å"Family Guy and Freud: Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious.† They Say, I Say: with readings. Ed. Cathy Birkenstein, Russel Durst, and Gerald Graff. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. 300-308. Print.

Debate of Naturopathic Medicine Treatments

Debate of Naturopathic Medicine Treatments In 2017, there will be an estimated 1,688,780 new cancer cases diagnosed and 600,920 cancer deaths in the United States, per the American Cancer Society. Across America, men and women are seeking both naturopathic medicine (also referred to as alternative medicine) and traditional medical care. Depending on the type medical condition or how far their diagnosis has progressed, approximately 50% of patients have found the use of naturopathic methods to be the more appropriate route for them and their families compared to the more traditional medical care (Issitt). As research progresses further into the new years with new medicines, Doctors are starting to see other patients and survivors choosing the Naturopathic method over the traditional chemotherapy, due to the overall effect it has on their health in the long run. It was once said by Joseph Addison that, Cheerfulness is the best promoter of health and is as friendly to the mind as to the body. Joseph Addison is making a valid point with his statement. When a person acts or thinks in a positive manner, do they not actually feel better? Being cheerful will help you both mentally and physically. Laughing is the perfect example. When a person laughs, it releases chemicals within the brain that makes that person physically feel well. Those chemicals are referred to as endorphins and when released they help increase pain resistance in the body (Gorman). Why should any patient have to pay for antidepressants when they can already produce their own happiness? They just need to turn on the television and watch a comedic movie of their choice. In the same way, traditional and naturopathic medicine specialized practitioners find ways in which to restore health by using safe and natural remedies to treat all aspects, whether it be physical or mental, of their patient. Even though many doctors and patients may not recognize the benefits of naturopathic medicine, the increase in their popularity is indisputable. When a specialist, whether it be the patients primary care manager or whomever they were seeing, discovers cancer in the patient, an oncologist often provides the treatment options for them. Depending on the staging, the type of cancer, and the rate that is has spread, they will often recommend the best method to treat the ailment. Ultimately it is up to the patient as to the choice of treatment based off the doctors recommendations. Sometimes the patient even gets second opinions and gathers information through other qualified professionals (Tierra). Treatment for cancer can be sought through several traditional methods. They include surgery as well as chemotherapy and radiation. Other options for treating this condition could be clinical trials, which are options for treating some patients but not all. Other patients may choose the more natural cancer treatments; some of which are not approved by the FDA. Unfortunately, there are numerous amounts of patients who choose to use natural methods without performing the correct processes beforehand. The correct processes that are necessary include: research on the treatments and the illness, as well as having a consultation with the patients physician (Robotin). Doctors should really advise their patients to stop using naturopathic methods instead of traditional methods because of the dangers of using the naturopathic methods. Unlike traditional methods, naturopathic methods are unknown, they are not as effective as patients seem to believe them to be, and tradition methods have been proven to be the only known way to completely heal or cure a disease. During a consultation, the physician should advise against the use of naturopathic methods. One reason being because of the dangers of the naturopathic methods may present, due to the lack of research on them (Eisenberg). Therapies, massages, herbal medication, and acupuncture are common naturopathic methods (Collinge). Any so called dangers to using natural treatments are known, but much is not because hospitals believe that conventional medicine is much more effective. There is evidence to prove the lack of research that has not been done on naturopathic treatments. Such is the case study done in Australia about natural treatments of cancer. There is information all throughout the article in regards to how natural treatments can be used to cure cancer (Mercurio). Unfortunately, there was limited information about the risks when using natural methods and where all the information came from (Mercurio). In some cases, there are some users that say, researching the treatments would involve chemically changing them and destroying what makes the naturopathic treatments natural (Astin), they would be incredibly wrong. This would be due to the need of increased research of natural remedies to help prepare the physicians to be ready to treat the such problems that may be caused by ailments such as; hepatitis, dermatitis, and endocarditis (Niggemann). All of which are only known to be some of the dangers to the use of acupuncture because of the little research that was done. Therefore, most doctors should advise against the use of natural treatments due to the lack of knowledge and the research in what may happen to the patients who do use them. A second reason as to why doctors should advise against the use of natural methods is because they have not been found to be more effective than traditional medicine. The effectiveness of traditional and natural medicine can be seen both ways: either medically or cost wise. Natural methods are not cost effective, despite the beliefs of users. This is partially due to the patients insurance will not willing to pay for or even help to pay for natural treatments (Crellin). Over time, that patients bill may increase substantially if they do not have the help if their insurance in paying for the treatments. Often times in this situation, patients may have to or have turned to, the black market to receive treatments. Other times the increase may be caused by the fact that patients will need more of their medication in order to affect their illness, like a drug. It really is not known if natural treatments are medically effective since not much research has been done on the subject. Traditi onal cancer treatments include; surgery, radiation therapy, and medication. Common natural remedies include; herbal medications, therapies, and acupuncture (Donsbach). When deciphering between the two types of treatments, it is known that surgery is a more effective way to treat cancer than traditional and natural methods (Hareyan). This is only due to the fact that surgery will completely remove all parts of the body that have been infected by cancer, whereas there is a risk that the herbal medications may actually mutate the cancer and cause it to spread (Hareyan). Patients should be advised to refrain from using the natural methods, since the natural treatments are not as effective as patients seem to think they are. Lastly, a third reason for why doctors would advise against the use of natural methods is because traditional medicine is known to completely cure or heal an illness with limited risks. Where natural methods are only known for relieving but not fully curing an illness (Niggemann). There is evidence of this is in many stories about natural treatments and natural treatments for cancers. Many stories that involve natural treatments include patients complaining about the return of their symptoms or illnesses (Dansbach). There still are patients that use natural treatments that still believe traditional medicine is not the only way to cure an ailment; and that is do to the lack of proof or evidence of research in the subject. Since there has been little research on natural treatments, traditional medical treatments are the only known way to completely heal an illness and should be advised to patients by their physicians (Crellin). More people today believe that the traditional, surgical method of treating cancer is the most acclaimed as well as the more vital approach. However, this traditional method does not completely cure the disease. After surgery, there are metastatic growths. The chances of having more metastatic outgrowths increases when the size of primary tumor becomes bigger. This traditional method of cancer treatment increases the risk of damaging the tumor and it also penetrates many other cancer cells within the blood cells. In turn, it introduces new colonies of the tumor cells. This is one of the many reasons why the chemotherapy as well as radiation are not always applied traditionally. When combined with the surgical resection of the initial tumor, cancer patients that have used the traditional methods against cancer usually appear to have more tumors in different parts of the body. It then develops into polydysplasia (Tierra). Naturopathic methods have been around for centuries and people continue to use them. So There must be some benefit to these methods. Naturopathic medicine has been proven to be effective in many cases and should be further researched and needs to be accepted in our healthcare system to better inform the patients who choose to use them. Naturopathy is a goal where it seeks to engage in the bodys power to naturally fight diseases by utilizing the resources that are already available. Drugs and surgery are to be avoided, and the patient is to embrace the natural methods. Those are the naturopathic principles. The patients medical history is closely looked at and paid attention to. Also, lifestyle and environment is closely monitored. It is believed that naturopathy reduces the chance of the spread of cancer cells within the body. Naturopathic medicine can be far less expensive, compared to traditional medicine (Verma). When it comes to any kind of herbs and vitamins, they are naturally available. They do not require any extra research to develop and therefore they are cheaper and easier to get a hold of. Yoga and diets can be done from the comfort of your own home; and do not require any hospital stays or constant doctor visits. These have been proven to help treat problems ranging from stress to side effects caused by traditional cancer treatments. Multivitamins, supplements, weight loss pills, and more are forms of naturopathic medicine that can be found in stores and bought without any sort of prescription from the doctor. Accessibility to naturopathic medicine is much more convenient for those who live a busy lifestyle. Not everyone has time to schedule an appointment with a doctor. However, being that these products are so convenient to the patient and at low prices, they pose a danger of improper use. Which is why further study of naturopathic medicine is critical; the lives of patients could be in danger and they would not even know or consider it at the time. Thanks to science and technology, naturopathic methods of treatments have become more enhanced with producing good effects in people who have chosen natural methods instead of traditional medicine. In recent years medical research has indicated that some natural therapies produce a positive result in patients(Issitt). Ketogenic diets have been around since the 1920s and are one true form of effective natural therapy, with positive results. They were first introduced in epilepsy patients as a natural method of therapy and then was soon used in patients with brain tumors. Traditional keto diets have a 3:1 ratio of fat to nonfat. The breakdown of the diet is the patient would consume 29g protein, 23g carbohydrates, and 156 g dietary fats, daily (Nebeling). To get the diet started, most patients have to do a three to seven day water fast. That way it insures they get their ketone levels elevated and their glucose levels lowered before starting the diet themselves. There has been a link between glucose and cancer cells, in which doctors have figured out that if they were to lower the glucose within the patients bodies and increase the ketones, it will then confuse the cancer cells (Paoli). Since the cancer cells thrive off the glucose within the body, by confusing them with the elevating of the ketones, it will then ultimately starve the cancer cells within the patients body, riding the patient of the dreaded disease. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy is used for patients who have lingering toxicity issues related to chemotherapy or radiation exposure. It is a type of medical treatment, also considered a natural therapy, which enhances the bodys natural healing process by inhalation of 100% oxygen in a total body chamber, where atmospheric pressure is increased and controlled. It is used for a wide variety of treatments; usually as a part of an overall medical care plan. It helps with promoting tissue healing and to fight off infections. What it does is it increases the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the patients blood stream. Once that is done, it allows the a new, improved oxygen to be delivered to the tissues. Most often the type of disorders that patients tend to develop late after exposure to the common therapies, are hypoxia and ischemia. In many recent studies and findings, it has been proven that hypoxia aids in the progression of cancer (Moen). If left untreated, it can cause cellular damage and organ dysfunction. To so many individuals, they think that traditional methods are the better route to go than alternative methods because it shows a significant improvement in a persons health and also in their well-being. However, it is also very important to remember the negative side effects. Research has confirmed that some alternative methods perform significantly better than most placebos in controlled experiments (Issitt). This just means that placebos and side effects are both problematic to using traditional medicine and will only endanger a person more. If those false medicines or placebos were provided to people who are very ill and are the wrong kind, it would hurt the individual; even if they took it and the only reaction were mild side effects. Unlike the traditional methods, naturopathic therapy provides a safe but easy way to heal and relax a persons body. First Alternative therapy often seeks to work with the bodys own natural healing process and it often seeks to engage the whole person, strengthening the connection between mind and body (Badertscher). Alternative medicine and traditional medicine are very important because people will learn which one is safe and heals the body in a relaxing way and what ones only tricks a person and costs money. Side effects from traditional treatments can often be quite taxing on the body. A few examples include but are not limited to: fatigue, myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia, anemia, GI concerns, and more (Held-Warmkessel). Each one bearing very little to major effects on the patients everyday life. If a patient is constantly fatigued, how are they suppose to carry out everyday normal activities and really live their life? Since chemotherapy mixed with other medications that they may on, are wiping out their neutrophils, it is causing more fatigue than normal in the patient, causing them to take naps more often and sleep longer than usual. Resulting in the patient missing out on many activities that others may take for granted. Thrombocytopenia can cause severe bleeding in the patient, if not watched closely (Held-Warmekssel). The patient had to be very careful if they were to get a scratch or cut. Their platelet counts fall during chemotherapy and so clotting is either very minimal or non existent, running the patient at risk of bleeding out or bleeding to death. One reason why patients end up having to have platelet transfusions during traditional chemo treatments. Constant nausea and vomiting are just minimal GI concerns. That is normally treated or blanketed with other medicines such as steroids, like prednisone. If a patient is unable to keep fluids or even foods down, they run the risk of losing very important nutrients that their body really needs to help heal and stay strong to fight off the cancer. Stomach ulcers and mucosal inflammation within the GI tract can occur from the vomiting or just from the chemotherapy itself, along with the side effects from the mix of all the medications the patient is taking. Another reason why traditional treatments are not the best option. Finally, just the basics of what you and I take for granted; personal hygiene. Mouth sores, bleeding gums, the loss of taste buds, hair loss, not able to have fresh cut flowers in the house due to they harbor bacteria, not able to eat at a buffet due to bacteria, having to wear a mask out in public, limiting interaction in crowds, etc. These are all minimal things you would not think twice about but the patients themselves cannot do these simple things thanks to traditional treatments and the side effects that they produce. Traditional methods involve medicines and treatments that are often chemically produced in labs which are specifically made for curing those with diseases. They are then offered to patients by hospitals. Traditional methods can include but are not limited to: chemical medications, radiation therapies, and surgeries. Alternative methods are naturally produced treatments for illnesses. They can include but are not limited to: herbal medications, acupuncture, therapies, and relaxation techniques. The strong dislike of traditional methods from patients, has increased through the century (Astin). One reason for this increase is the belief that alternative treatments offer more control over health care decisions, and alternatives are seen as more compatible with the patients values, worldview, beliefs regarding the nature and meaning of illness and health or a person truly believes that they can be cured of their ailment by the use of only natural methods (Astin). Another list of reasons for the dislike to traditional methods may include: poor perceived health, family use of natural methods, recommendation by close social contacts, strong adherence to traditional health beliefs and middle age. Even though within the last century the use of traditional methods has decreased, the usage of naturopathic methods has increased (Eberhardt). However, even with that increase, only less than thirty-percent of naturopathic therapy users stated that they had talked to their healthcare professional in the past twelve months, in regards to their use of the natural therapies (Eberhardt). About half of the patients that choose to use natural methods are diagnosed with a chronic disease. Some of those chronic diseases happen to be cancer, diabetes, arthritis, heart diseases, and strokes. Naturopathic methods are more often used to treat allergies. An example of these allergies that natural methods are used to diagnose and treat includes but are not limited to are: specific allergies, seasonal allergies, and asthma (Niggemann). There are a few other illnesses where traditional methods can only offer relief and not a cure, that natural methods can help treat (Niggemann). Some practitioners continue to develop alternative medicines to avoid surgery or the occasionally hazard effects of synthetic medicines (Issitt). These alternative methods are extremely important because it saves money, are less invasive, and are less time consuming. They also have fewer side effects. This in turn is giving people positive reasons as to why they should choose the alternative methods over the harmful, invasive options. Rather than choosing to take part in invasive surgeries such as, internal surgeries, sports medicine surgeries and spinal surgeries, etc research has shown that men and women choose acupuncture. These remedies have balanced men and women both physically and mentally. As stated before, alternative methods do not include the need for a placebo. Since that is a way in determining the effect of medications with traditional methods, for alternative methods it is already safe for them and approved with the law. There are people that argue that alternative methods are not useful to curing aggressive diseases such as cancer and Alzheimers disease. But through further research and more understanding of alternative methods with how they have the potential to impact cancer and other diseases, people can begin to understand it more clearly. It is because of the new technology and the new treatments that positive results in the research and studies on patients, that prove that naturopathic methods really do work in the healing process.

How To Surf The Internet :: essays research papers

How to Surf the Internet The term "Internet," or "The Net" as it is commonly in known in the computer business, is best described as an assortment of over one thousand computer networks with each using a common set of technical transfers to create a worldwide communications medium. The Internet is changing, most profoundly, the way people conduct research and will in the near future be the chief source of mass information. No longer will a student have to rely on the local library to finish a research essay - anybody with a computer, a modem, and an Internet Service Provider can find a wealth of information on the Net. Anybody with a disease or illness and who has access to the Internet can obtain the vital information they are in need of. And, most importantly, businesses are flourishing at this present day because of the great potential the Internet holds. First of all, for a person to even consider doing research on the Internet privately they must own a computer. A computer that is fast, reliable, and one that has a great deal of memory is greatly beneficial. A person also needs a modem (a device that transmits data from a network on the Internet to the user's computer). A modem's quality and speed are measured as something called a baud rate (how fast the modem transmits data in bits and kilobits - similar to grams and kilograms). A kilobit is a term simply used to describe the speed of a modem. For example, if somebody was to go out and purchase a 2400 baud modem, they would be buying a modem that transmits data 2400 kilobits per second which is definitely not the speed of a modem you want if your thinking of getting onto the Internet. The speeds of modems then double in the amount of kilobits that can be transmitted per second going from 4800 baud to 9600 baud and so on eventually getting up to 28800 baud (which is the fastest modem on the market right now). To surf the Internet successfully, a person will have to own a 9600 baud or higher, and with recent advancements the Internet has offered, the recommended speed is a 14400 kilobytes per second modem. A modem ranges in price, depending on the type of modem you want, the speed you need, and if it is an external or internal type, modems range from as low as $20 to as high as $300. If a person is unequipped with a computer most local libraries and nonprofit organizations provide Internet access where research can be done freely.

Why He Is Not A Man :: essays research papers

Why He is Not a Man In the story â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright, there is a boy named Dave. Dave is a young boy trying to figure out what a man really is. Right now, he believes that a man is someone who owns a gun. Dave needs proper education about guns and needs the knowledge about what a man really is to be a man. Dave needs to be taught what a man really is because he is not a young man just because he has a gun. Dave is a seventeen-year-old boy who wants a gun. He thinks he is almost a man. He thinks that having a gun will make him a man and give him power. Toughness is a common perception of masculinity. A man is not someone who owns a gun, but someone who has knowledge of behaving like a man and owning a gun like a man. He thinks that only a gun will make him a man instead of his actions dictating his matureness to others. He believes it will instill fear into others around him. When one is a man, others treat him with respect. Dave’s parents talk down to him and treat him like a child, when he is trying to develop into a young respectable man. Dave’s mother says, â€Å"Yuh ain nothing but a boy yit!† in the story, proving that they look down on this seventeen-year-old boy. His mother tells him in the story to go wash his hands before he eats. If Dave was a man, then his mother should never have had to say that. In our society today, when a boy is seventeen years old, he is almost a man or considered a young man. In Dave’s society, he is treated like a young boy. If Dave’s parents saw his point of view on having a gun then they might want to look at why he wants it. At this time, they should tell him that a gun does not make a man. His mother does not think he should have a gun. In actuality, if Dave were a man, then he would have not wanted a gun to obtain power over others, but for pleasure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Dave’s actions, he is like a young boy. A man who owns a gun knows how to shoot a gun and knows the right and wrong time to use a gun, unlike Dave. Why He Is Not A Man :: essays research papers Why He is Not a Man In the story â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright, there is a boy named Dave. Dave is a young boy trying to figure out what a man really is. Right now, he believes that a man is someone who owns a gun. Dave needs proper education about guns and needs the knowledge about what a man really is to be a man. Dave needs to be taught what a man really is because he is not a young man just because he has a gun. Dave is a seventeen-year-old boy who wants a gun. He thinks he is almost a man. He thinks that having a gun will make him a man and give him power. Toughness is a common perception of masculinity. A man is not someone who owns a gun, but someone who has knowledge of behaving like a man and owning a gun like a man. He thinks that only a gun will make him a man instead of his actions dictating his matureness to others. He believes it will instill fear into others around him. When one is a man, others treat him with respect. Dave’s parents talk down to him and treat him like a child, when he is trying to develop into a young respectable man. Dave’s mother says, â€Å"Yuh ain nothing but a boy yit!† in the story, proving that they look down on this seventeen-year-old boy. His mother tells him in the story to go wash his hands before he eats. If Dave was a man, then his mother should never have had to say that. In our society today, when a boy is seventeen years old, he is almost a man or considered a young man. In Dave’s society, he is treated like a young boy. If Dave’s parents saw his point of view on having a gun then they might want to look at why he wants it. At this time, they should tell him that a gun does not make a man. His mother does not think he should have a gun. In actuality, if Dave were a man, then he would have not wanted a gun to obtain power over others, but for pleasure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Dave’s actions, he is like a young boy. A man who owns a gun knows how to shoot a gun and knows the right and wrong time to use a gun, unlike Dave.

Notes from Underground Essay -- Book Review, Dostoyevsky

One word that has come to represent the mid-18th century Enlightenment movement is â€Å"Reason†. The French philosophes believed that reason could provide critical, informed, scientific solutions to social issues and problems, and essentially improve the human condition. Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground is one of the most famous anti-Enlightenment novels for its rejection of these very notions. Through this novel he showed what he believed were gaps in the idea that the mind could be freed from ignorance through the application of reason, and the rejection of the idea that humankind could achieve a utopian existence as a result. The story revolves around the thoughts and rants of an unnamed character that we shall refer to as â€Å"The Underground Man.† In Dostoevsky’s time, the term "man" or "men" referred to all humankind, and the Underground Man seems symbolic of what could happen to mankind should the endless application of reason take over. Dostoevsky seems to be making the statement that rationality is indeed useful for analyzing situations but is ultimately damaging to the self if focused on constantly. Reason does not, as many Enlightenment thinkers believed, free man but instead takes something away from the essential human existence. It reduces us to something that can be scientifically explained, forcing us to lose a fundamental piece of what makes us human in the process: â€Å"All human actions will then, of course, be classified according to these laws – mathematically, like a logarithm table, up to 108,000 – and entered in a special almanac†¦with such precisi on that there will no longer be any actions or adventures in the world† (24). The Underground Man suggests that the one â€Å"most advantageous advant... .... This complexity causes him to doubt every single decision and make any type of action impossible, which is why he believes only narrow-minded people who are not able to question their actions are the only ones who can act with confidence. Taking all this into consideration, it seems impossible that excessive reason and consciousness will eventually lead to progress – it will do just the opposite, when using the Underground Man as an example. One can find much anecdotal support in Notes from Underground that this is an anti-Enlightenment novel – far too much to be included in this short book review. Even from the few examples listed here and through the Underground Man’s discourse throughout, it is easy to see the explicit rejection of the Enlightenment notion that reason would free man’s mind of ignorance and set humankind on a path to a utopian existence.

Breaking a Social Norm

In our society we have a number of society norms that we abide by. For example, there is an unwritten rule of how one should behave in an elevator. For example, it is proper to face front, stand away from strangers, and not to look at others. When a social norm is broken people may respond with alarm, humor, fear, irritation, or an array of other emotions. When you think of a norm, you are probably thinking about being normal. But in psychology terms, norm means, a standard or representative value for a group.The norm that is more common to people is a social norm. Meaning expectations about what behavior, thoughts, or feelings are appropriate within a given group within a given context. In society today us as people decide what is normal and abnormal. I surveyed five people and asked them two questions of what they thought was normal and abnormal. The first question was â€Å"Do you think dressing weird out in the public eye is normal†? There response were â€Å"No, because everybody does that anyway. † My next question was, â€Å"Does being rude to an elder normal? There response was â€Å" No, you have to give respect to older people. † Well, I did this survey to get an idea on what people thought of what was normal and what wasn’t. This survey also helped me chose a norm to break. When I broke the norms I actually broke two and didn’t even know it until I was done with my acting. The two social norms that I broke were, wearing pajamas to the movie theatre with my boyfriend and being rude to authority such as elders. When my boyfriend picked me up for the movies, he just looked at me strangely.I know he wanted to ask why did I have on pajamas but he just kept quiet. By the way I did bring a extra pair of clothes with me, so I wouldn’t look like an idiot that whole night. Well anyway, on our way to the movies, my boyfriend just kept staring at me, but mind you he never said a word. When we went to get the tickets I r eceived many looks from people and heard many whispers around me. There was a couple standing behind us and they were saying, â€Å"How could he let his girlfriend come out the house looking like that†?I wanted to turn around and say something but I just kept my cool and said to myself, â€Å"This is only a test Cynthia don’t let them get to you. † Once I finished talking to myself I was relieved and ready to go into the movies. While walking into the movies, I received more looks and heard more whispers coming out of people which really didn’t make sense. All they had to do was just except me for who I was and that I was wearing clothes. After I got tired of the looks and whispers I changed my clothes and walked back in movie theatre.Once again my boyfriend looked at me strangely and said, â€Å" Why did you change†? When I finally broke it down to him that I was doing a project for psychology he started to laugh. His response towards me was, he w as going to love me no matter how I come out the house. I thought that was cute, that let me know that he doesn’t care what people think and that he was always going to be with me no matter how I look. When I broke the norm of how I look, I felt really insecure about myself and I really did care of what people were going to say about me.But I did learn this people are very judgmental on a person that they have no clue about. The other norm that I broke was going against authority. The authority that I went against was my mom during Thanksgiving dinner. When I did this norm, I really felt bad because, me and my mom are so close and I would never had disrespect her the way I did when breaking this norm. My mom had asked me to pass her the cranberry sauce. I responded and said, â€Å"Don’t you have arms to reach for it†. My mom gave me that look like I’m going to get you when we get home.Everybody at the table just stopped eating and looked at me like I was stupid. I just kept eating like nothing ever happened. Once everybody finished their dinner, I had to quickly make an announcement saying, this was just an experiment to see your reactions to my actions of today. Nobody believed me until I showed them the instructions on the computer. Once everybody read it, they said my teacher would get me into a lot of trouble doing projects like this. When I broke this norm, I destroyed the relationship between my mother and the rest of the family that was at the dinner table. Breaking a Social Norm In our society we have a number of society norms that we abide by. For example, there is an unwritten rule of how one should behave in an elevator. For example, it is proper to face front, stand away from strangers, and not to look at others. When a social norm is broken people may respond with alarm, humor, fear, irritation, or an array of other emotions. When you think of a norm, you are probably thinking about being normal. But in psychology terms, norm means, a standard or representative value for a group.The norm that is more common to people is a social norm. Meaning expectations about what behavior, thoughts, or feelings are appropriate within a given group within a given context. In society today us as people decide what is normal and abnormal. I surveyed five people and asked them two questions of what they thought was normal and abnormal. The first question was â€Å"Do you think dressing weird out in the public eye is normal†? There response were â€Å"No, because everybody does that anyway. † My next question was, â€Å"Does being rude to an elder normal? There response was â€Å" No, you have to give respect to older people. † Well, I did this survey to get an idea on what people thought of what was normal and what wasn’t. This survey also helped me chose a norm to break. When I broke the norms I actually broke two and didn’t even know it until I was done with my acting. The two social norms that I broke were, wearing pajamas to the movie theatre with my boyfriend and being rude to authority such as elders. When my boyfriend picked me up for the movies, he just looked at me strangely.I know he wanted to ask why did I have on pajamas but he just kept quiet. By the way I did bring a extra pair of clothes with me, so I wouldn’t look like an idiot that whole night. Well anyway, on our way to the movies, my boyfriend just kept staring at me, but mind you he never said a word. When we went to get the tickets I r eceived many looks from people and heard many whispers around me. There was a couple standing behind us and they were saying, â€Å"How could he let his girlfriend come out the house looking like that†?I wanted to turn around and say something but I just kept my cool and said to myself, â€Å"This is only a test Cynthia don’t let them get to you. † Once I finished talking to myself I was relieved and ready to go into the movies. While walking into the movies, I received more looks and heard more whispers coming out of people which really didn’t make sense. All they had to do was just except me for who I was and that I was wearing clothes. After I got tired of the looks and whispers I changed my clothes and walked back in movie theatre.Once again my boyfriend looked at me strangely and said, â€Å" Why did you change†? When I finally broke it down to him that I was doing a project for psychology he started to laugh. His response towards me was, he w as going to love me no matter how I come out the house. I thought that was cute, that let me know that he doesn’t care what people think and that he was always going to be with me no matter how I look. When I broke the norm of how I look, I felt really insecure about myself and I really did care of what people were going to say about me.But I did learn this people are very judgmental on a person that they have no clue about. The other norm that I broke was going against authority. The authority that I went against was my mom during Thanksgiving dinner. When I did this norm, I really felt bad because, me and my mom are so close and I would never had disrespect her the way I did when breaking this norm. My mom had asked me to pass her the cranberry sauce. I responded and said, â€Å"Don’t you have arms to reach for it†. My mom gave me that look like I’m going to get you when we get home.Everybody at the table just stopped eating and looked at me like I was stupid. I just kept eating like nothing ever happened. Once everybody finished their dinner, I had to quickly make an announcement saying, this was just an experiment to see your reactions to my actions of today. Nobody believed me until I showed them the instructions on the computer. Once everybody read it, they said my teacher would get me into a lot of trouble doing projects like this. When I broke this norm, I destroyed the relationship between my mother and the rest of the family that was at the dinner table.

Activity theory Essay

Cognitive changes: There are several changes that occur with aging, one of which is cognitive slowing. The slowing that occurs in all cognitive tasks where speed of response is a component is considered the most pervasive cognitive change in developmental aging. The probable locus of slowing is in the central nervous system (Bob & McCallum, 1998). Pigment lipofuscin builds up in the brain during old age and it gradually results in brain degeneration. The aged brain weighs less, the lateral ventricles tend to be dilated, and the ribbon of cortical tissue is narrowed (Hurlock, 1986). Such degeneration is held accountable for a decline in the brain’s capacity to function. But the average person’s intelligence is not likely to be seriously impaired before age 70 or 75 (Peterson, 1989). With good physical and mental health, adequate educational levels, and intellectual stimulation, it appears that there is not as a great decline in intellectual abilities with age as previously thought, especially in the 60 to 75 age group. Emotional changes: Emotional changes over the adult life span are a topic of considerable importance for psychotherapists working with older adults. At the psychological level, the older adults are more difficult to arouse but also have more difficulty returning to a state of calm once aroused (Woodruff, 1985). The accumulation of experiences leads to more complex and less extreme emotional experiences in later life. A review of research, using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory with older adults, noted that older adults were lower on scales associated with anger, impulsivity, and confusion and argued that people may become less impulsive with maturity (Gynther, 1979, in Bob & McCallum, 1998). It was concluded that as a whole, emotionality in older adults may be both more complex and subtler than that of younger adults. Theories on Aging Attempts to understand and explain the lives and activities of those who appear to age successfully have led to the different formation of theories on aging. There are fourmain theories: (a) Disengagement theory: It is based on the notion that as people age they progressively withdraw from social, physical, and emotional interaction with the world. As they gradually disengage themselves, the society too withdraws from its engagement with the aging person (b) Activity theory: It stresses that older people should remain active as long as they possibly can. When certain activities and associations must be given up (for example, employment), substitutes should be found because life satisfaction is highly dependent upon continued social, emotional, and physical involvement. In a positive environment older people generally moved toward activity and informal contacts, rather than disengagement (Butler, Lewis & Sunderland, 1998). (c) Socioenvironmental theory: This approach is based on the understanding that people respond to the social meaning of events. Two factors that affect the meaning old people place on events-and thus their interaction patterns-are the physical proximity of other persons and the age homogeneity of an environment (Gubrium, 1973, 1975, cited in Butler et al. , 1973). (d) Developmental theory: Erickson (1963) and Peck (1997) present a theory that describes human development in terms of progression through a series of stages. Old age is a stage of life in which the individual must try to balance the search for ego integrity with a sense of despair. Out of this conflict emerges wisdom the human virtue most commonly associated with old age. The negative emotions associated with this stage, are in part a result of the limitations of a person’s physical and psychological energy (Butler, Lewis, & Sunderland, 1991). (e) Biological or medical perspective. Moberg (2002) further elaborates this physical and psychological decline and it’s effect on the elderly. Highlighting aging from the biological/medical perspective of physical decline along with losses of friends, employment, mobility, income, and so forth, has contributed to a pervasive negativism among biosocial scientists that is evident in their different way of talking to (hardly with) elderly persons, avoidance of touching seniors, and other indications of ageism. Opportunities for service are withdrawn from many who are retired, even in churches that use the Bible with its high value for elders, so ‘disengagement theory’ becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Time spent in solitude and meditation can be wholesome, contrary to assumptions of ‘Activity theory’ that lonely outer activities are worthwhile, for being alone is not the same as being lonely!

Integreted Marketing Communication in Cadbury

What is Integrated Marketing Communications  (IMC)? Integrated Marketing Communications  (IMC) is an approach to brand communications where the different modes work together to create a seamless experience for the customer and are presented with a similar tone and style that reinforces the brand’s core message. Its goal is to make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations direct marketing, online communications and social media work together as a unified force, rather than permitting each to work in isolation, which maximizes their cost effectiveness.Integrated marketing communications (IMC) is an approach to brand communications where the different modes work together to create a seamless experience for the customer and are presented with a similar tone and style that reinforces the brand’s core message. Its goal is to make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relatio ns direct marketing, online communications and social media work together as a unified force, rather than permitting each to work in isolation, which maximizes their cost effectiveness.IMC is becoming more significant in marketing practice because of the reduced cost effectiveness of mass media and media fragmentation. As consumers spend more time online and on mobile devices all exposures of the brand need to tie together so they are more likely to be remembered. Increasingly the strategies of brands cannot be understood by looking solely at their advertising. Instead they can be understood by seeing how all aspects of their communications ecosystem work together and in particular how communications are personalized for each customer and react in real time, as in a conversation.Brand strategies and their tactics can be viewed on the  Integrated Brands  site. Cadbury Profile:- About Cadbury’s Dairy Milk: Long ago in 1866 the Cadbury brothers were busy pioneeringtheir  d rinking  chocolate  recipe. However,  they  wanted  to  givetheir chocolate fans more. 30 years went by with the brothers dreaming up new ideas and then inspiration struck. What would happen if you put fresh milk into chocolate? That’s why since1905, Cadbury Dairy Milk still contains a glass and a half of fresh milk in every half pound  of milk chocolate.Cadbury  Dairy  Milk  is  full  of  beans, Cocoa beans to  be  precise. And all from one place: Ghana. They believe that Ghanaian beans are  so  delicious  that  we’re  happy  to  pay  premium  prices  for them. They think it’s worth it to give us that unique Cadbury Dairy Milk taste that we all love so much. Everyone  knows  the not  so  secret  ingredient  of  how Cadbury Dairy Milk is made so creamy. However, not many people knowhow dairy milk chocolate is made so chocolatey. It’s all thanks to the beautiful tropical country of Ghana in We st Africa that helps make our Cadbury Dairy Milk taste  so special.The Cadbury’s dairy milk contains a whole glass and a half goes into every single half pound of chocolate. That’s why it tastes so delicious and that’s why is named  as Cadbury’s dairy milk. Cadbury Dairy Milk, produced in Bournville UK, uses fresh liquidmilk sourced from dedicated dairy farmers in the UK. CadburyDairy Milk is also produced in Ireland and uses fresh, liquid Irishmilk to create the unique  chocolate taste. INTRODUCTION Cadbury is a leading global confectionery company with an outstanding portfolio of chocolate, gum and candy brands.They employ around 50,000 people and have direct operations in over  60 countries, selling their products in almost every country around the world. In India, Cadbury began its operations in  1948 by importing chocolates. After 60 years of  existence, it today has five  company-owned manufacturing facilities at  Thane, Induri (Pune ) and  Malanpur (Gwalior),Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales  offices (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkota and Chennai). The corporate office is in Mumbai. their core purpose â€Å"creating brands people love† captures the  spirit of what they are  trying to achieve as a  business. hey collaborate and work as teams to convert  products into brands. Simply put, they spread happiness! Currently Cadbury India operates in  four categories viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food  Drinks, Candy and Gum category. In  the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has  maintained its undisputed leadership over the years. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk  ,  5 Star  ,  Perk  ,Eclairs and Celebrations. Cadbury enjoys a value market share of over 70% – the highest Cadbury brand share in the world!Our  flagship brand Cadbury Dairy Milk is considered the â€Å"gold standard† for  chocolates in India. The pure taste of  C DM defines the chocolate taste for the  Indian consumer. In the Milk Food drinks segment their main product is  Bournvita  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the leading Malted Food Drink (MFD)in the country. Similarly in the medicated candy category Halls is the undisputed leader. they recently entered the gums category with the launch of  our worldwide dominant bubble gum brand Bubbaloo. Bubbaloo is sold in  25 countries worldwide. Since 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa  cultivation in India.For over two decades, they have worked with the Kerala Agriculture University to undertake cocoa research and released clones, hybrids that improve the cocoa yield. Their Cocoa  team visits farmers and advises them on the cultivation aspects from planting to harvesting. They also conduct farmers meetings & seminars to educate them on Cocoa cultivation aspects. their efforts have increased cocoa  productivity and touched the lives of thousands of farmers. Hardly surprising then th at the Cocoa tree is  called the Cadbury tree! Today, they  are poised in  their leap towards quantum growth.Cadbury is world's leading Confectionery Company. HISTORY:- 1948  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Company was incorporated on 19th July, as a private  limited company under the name of Cadbury-Fry (India) Private Limited and commence business soon thereafter. Manufacturing facilities were setup gradually. 1964  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Company undertook at its own cost and responsibility the development of cocoa growing in the country. A specialist cocoa advisory service was created. A cocoa research centre was also created together with seeding nurseries and  distribution centers. – Through its subsidiary, Induri Farm Ltd. the Company had set up facilities near Pune to breed cattle that would give improved yield of milk at economic feeding costs. 1967  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Cadbury introduced the `Five Star and Gems' chocolates in 1967 and  1968 respectively. 1977  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The name of the C ompany was changed from Cadbury-Fry (India) Pvt. Ltd. , to Cadbury India Pvt. Ltd. ,on 7th  June. It was converted into A public limited company on 11th June. Our locations in India Registered Office| Cadbury India ltd. Cadbury House 19, B Desai Road Mumbai 400 026 Maharashtra India Tel: +91 22 4007 3100| Indicative map of India | | | | | | | PURPOSE AND VALUESObjective: Grow shareholder value†¦over the long term. Strategy: Create robust and sustainable regional positions in our core categories of confectionery and beverages through organic growth, acquisition and disposal. Process: They achieve this by Managing For Value. Managing for Value Process incorporates: †¢Setting stretched financial objectives. †¢Adopting Value Based Management for major strategic and operational decisions and business systems. †¢Creating an outstanding leadership capability within our management. †¢Sharpening our company culture to reflect accountability, Aggressiveness and adap tability. Aligning our management rewards structure with the interests of our Share owners across the country. MILESTONES OF CADBURY * The June 2003 issue of Business Today identified Cadbury India as one of India's best-managed companies in 2003. * Cadbury India was identified as one of India’s Best Managed Companies in2003. * India’s Finance Minister, Mr Jaswant Singh at Business Today’s Best Managed Companies Awards ceremony, felicitated Mr Bharat Puri, Managing Director of Cadbury India. * It was the only Multinational Company featured in the list of Best * Managed companies in India.Components of IMC Related to Cadbury:- # Advertising Advertising  or  advertizing  is a form of  communication  used to encourage or  persuade  an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group of people) to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, a lthough political and ideological advertising is also common. The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful.Advertising messages are usually paid for by  sponsors  and viewed via various  traditional media; including  mass media  such as  newspaper,  magazines,  television commercial,  radio advertisement,  outdoor advertising  or  direct mail; or  new media  such as  blogs,  websites  or  text messages. Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased  consumption  of their  products  or  services  through â€Å"branding,† which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate certain qualities with the brand in the minds of  consumers.Non-commercial  advertisers who spend money to advertise items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmenta l agencies. Nonprofit organizations  may rely on free modes of  persuasion, such as a public service announcement  (PSA). Advertising by Cadbury:- Cadbury India has unveiled a new campaign that continues with the brand's ‘Kucch Meetha Ho Jaye' positioning. Created by Ogilvy & Mather, the campaign revolves around the theme of ‘Pay Day', which is associated with happiness by most people.Commenting about Cadbury's latest communication, Sanjay Purohit, director – marketing, Cadbury India said, â€Å"This new campaign takes the concept of celebrations to yet another level. With the Pappu and Miss Palampur campaigns, Cadbury Dairy Milk created a space for itself during the big, community celebration moments. This new commercial keeps the core promise of happiness while introducing another ‘moment of joy' in one’s life. Also, the new TVC highlights the celebratory occasion of pay day, which is an important event in the life of every middle-class India n. Said Abhijit Avasthi, executive creative director, Ogilvy & Mather (India & South Asia), â€Å"We were looking to come up with another interesting, unique meetha moment. We realised that while celebrations have been done for various occasions, the celebration for ‘pay day’ was not done. Pay day emotes feelings that are naturally celebratory in nature. Pay day makes you feel as rich as a king or as rich as a crorepati. THE MAIN ADVERTISING CAMPAIN FOR CADBURY INDIA:- KUCH MEETHA HO JAYE (2004)The biggest challenge for Cadbury to reinstate faith of  the biggest challenge for Cadbury to reinstate faith of  consumers after the worm controversy. Post controversy, approached Amitabh Bachchan to calm the Post controversy, approached Amitabh Bachchan to calm thenerves.. nerves.. Hence the Kuch meetha ho jaaye campaign was introduced. Hence the Kuch meetha ho jaaye campaign was introduced. Projected chocolates as a substitute to mithai  (sweets) and Projected chocolate s as a substitute to mithai  (sweets) and cheered people to have chocolate on every joyous occasion. cheered people to have chocolate on every joyous occasion.MISS  PALAMPUR  (2006) Miss  Palampur clearly targeted at hinterland (INTERIOR OF clearly targeted at hinterland (INTERIOR OFINDIA) Focused on Adults and values, like  SACRED COW Focused on Adults and values, like  SACRED COW Campaigns aimed at rural India did fare well Campaigns aimed at rural India did fare well The share of Cadbury increased by more than 20% in rural India. The share of Cadbury increased by more than 20% in rural India. The brand further strengthened its positions with the core audience. The brand further strengthened its positions with the core audience.AAJ PEHLI TARIKH HAI (2009) Pehli taarikh hai campaign is on the working class of  the campaign is on the working class of the ? country?. Pehli taarikh hai campaign highlighted the celebratory campaign highlighted the celebratory occasion of payday, which is an important event in the life of  occasion of payday, which is an important event in the life of  every middle class Indian. Is a clever occasion–based association which allows for the based association which allows for the brand to be recalled in the right context, every month, ? brand to be recalled in the right context, every month.SHUBH AARAMBH (2010) Core target group, consumers in the age group of 15 Core target group, consumers in the age group of 15–35 years 35 years Specifically, there is a shift from the notion of celebrating Specifically, there is a shift from the notion of celebrating happy occasions with chocolate to the happy occasions with chocolate to the concept of anticipating the occurrence of something good  after consuming , a substitute for mithai the campaign is aimed at consumers across sectors, and is supposed to have a balanced appeal across all tiers. # Direct MarketingDirect marketing is just what it sounds like †“ directly reaching a market (customers and potential customers) on a personal (phone calls, private mailings) basis, or mass-media basis (infomercials, magazine ads, etc. ). Direct marketing is often distinguished by aggressive tactics that attempt to reach new customers usually by means of unsolicited direct communications. But it can also reach out to existing or past customers. A key factor in direct marketing is a â€Å"call to action. † That is, direct marketing campaigns should offer an incentive or enticing message to get consumers to respond (act).Direct marketing involves the business attempting to locate, contact, offer, and make incentive-based information available to consumers. # Personal Selling Personal selling is a promotional method in which one party (e. g. , salesperson) uses skills and techniques for building personal relationships with another party (e. g. , those involved in a purchase decision) that results in both parties obtaining value. In most ca ses the â€Å"value† for the salesperson is realized through the financial rewards of the sale while the customer’s â€Å"value† is realized from the benefits btained by consuming the product. However, getting a customer to purchase a product is not always the objective of personal selling. For instance, selling may be used for the purpose of simply delivering information. Because selling involves personal contact, this promotional method often occurs through face-to-face meetings or via a telephone conversation, though newer technologies allow contact to take place over the Internet including using video conferencing or text messaging (e. g. , online chat). Dairy Milk:-Most fantastic and commonly used concept of personal selling is done when they had introduced Dairy Milk silk as their premium product. They actually kept written message explaining their product silk. They also kept an idea of feed back through mails and toll – free – number â€⠀œ 1800 22 7080. Interactive Marketing Interactive marketing is a one to one marketing process that reacts and changes based on the actions of individual customers and prospects. This ability to react to the actions of customers and prospects means that trigger based marketing is dramatically more effective than normal direct marketing.Interactive marketing is called many things. You may have heard it called event based marketing or event driven marketing or even trigger based marketing but it is all the same idea: reacting to what the customer is doing and driving up marketing effectiveness. Dairy Milk’s Interactive marketing – 1. Social Networking Site One of the easiest way to get connected in today’s 21st century is leading networking sites i. e. Face book and as all other brand even Cadbury has its face book page specially Indian fans is http://www. facebook. com/cadburydairymilkindia 2.Banners and hoardings In key supermarkets, Cadbury will sample its rang e of Cadbury Dairy Milk Fairtrade products during the Fortnight’s first weekend. Online activity will include banners on supermarkets’ websites and there will also be a campaign blog, with regular posts from Ghana updating consumers on progress. Marketing materials show the benefits to the community by way of three characters â€Å"wearing† a school, community centre and hospital. For such type of direct marketing they will always choose a prime location where its always an eye catching phenomenon location.Recently Cadbury had placed almost more than 12 hoardings in western express highway on account of rakshabandhan to promote its chocolate in terms of Indian sweets. For Creating such an advertisement Cadbury India asked national public to send their brother – sister pictures to their registered mail ID or need to fill some forms where they can actually send their feelings / message for their siblings. This act was a perfect direct marketing tool to attr act the crowd using emotional intelligence.This not only created an environment for festival encouragement but an soft corner for the brand Cadbury chocolates as its personal brand of chocolates. 3. INTERNET MEDIA Launched its website www. cadburyindia. com Interactive site www. meethamoments . com, making cards etc Community on social networking sites . Community on social networking sites. Advertisements on different web sites. # Sales & Promotions:- Sales promotion offers a direct inducement to act by providing extra worth over and above what is built into the product at its normal price.These temporary inducements are offered usually at a time and place where the  buying decision  is made. Not only are  sales promotions  very common in the current competitive market conditions, they are increasing at a fast pace. These promotions are direct inducements. In spite of the directness,  sales promotions  are fairly complicated and a rich tool of marketing with innumerable creative possibilities limited only by the imagination of promotion planners. Sales promotion is often referred to by the names of ‘extra purchase value’ and ‘below-the-line selling’.Today we  find companies  in almost all sectors offering some sort of a promotion scheme. These sectors range from automobiles to beverages, from financial services to foods, from household durables to services, from  household products  to  business products, from personal care to textiles and apparel. Dairy Milk initiative for Sales Promotion:- Quantity deal Cadbury offer discounted schemes under customer  oriented sales promotion strategy to increase the sales of product like it offers 250 g pack of  chocolate at the cost of 200g pack and offer 50g chocolate at the cost of 50gextra to their  customer.Consumer contest Cadbury also organized many contest to get attraction and to increase the interaction with the  customer. Interaction with the  customer ww w. meethamoments. com includes  many  competitions  for  for  consumer  like†¦ Consumer Story writing, Painting competition  etc. Point of sales material Point of sales material * Mini Cooler: Mini Cooler serves the need for cooling Chocolates for its reduced perish ability while  still maintaining cooling while  still maintaining the visibility of the product. Visibility of the product. * JarsThese are provided to small outlets, where they are prominently outlets, where they are prominently displayed. * Events in Mall & Festival times Most common Sales promotion now-a-days is they keep their live stall in malls during weekends and conducting some games where the winner would get a Cadbury dairy milk hamper or some Gift vouchers from Cadbury. # Public Relations:- Every organization, no matter how large or small, ultimately depends on its reputation for survival and success. Customers, suppliers, employees, investors, journalists and regulators can have a power ful impact.They all have an opinion about the organizations they come into contact with – whether good or bad, right or wrong. These perceptions will drive their decisions about whether they want to work with, shop with and support these organizations. In today's competitive market, reputation can be a company's biggest asset – the thing that makes you stand out from the crowd and gives you a competitive edge. Effective PR can help manage reputation by communicating and building good relationships with all organisation stakeholders. Public relations is about reputation – the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you.Public relations is the discipline which looks after reputation, with the aim of earning understanding and support and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. One of the example case study for Cadbury Chocolate is as follow:- EFFECTS OF THE CONTROVERSY ON CADBURY The state Food and Drug Administration has ordered seizure of Cadbury's Dairy Milk chocolates from all over Maharashtra after worms were found in two of them in Mumbai.Cadbury India, whose chocolates had ridden into controversy late last year during the festival season because worms were discovered in some stocks of its Dairy Milk chocolates is probably hoping the association with Bachchan will help consumers forget the bad press the company got on account of the discovery. The Food and Drug Administration had then seized the company's stocks and the Cadbury India management had explained it was bad storage practices by retailers and distributors that had led to the worms. Cadbury India's sales fell following the discovery.And even the government got in to the act with the central health ministry asking for a report on the  controversy. The timing of the controversy couldn't have been worse. Festival season sal es (Cadbury sells almost 1,000 tonnes of chocolates during Diwali) plummeted 30 per cent. Until then, in the country's FMCG sector plagued by slow,  low single digit top line and bottom line growth, Cadbury was a sweet exception. But its net profit in 2003 dipped 37 per cent to Rs 45. 6 crore (Rs 456 million) as compared to a 21 per cent increase the previous year. ROLE OF THE PUBLIC RELATIONSPR concerns the total communications of your total organization/group of organizations. It is unlike advertising, where you are sharing skills of planning, creative and media buying teams with an out-sourced agency. PR calls for a very intimate understanding of the total inner workings of your organization at all levels – workers to Board levels. It requires the integration of knowledge and communications. It is not a part time job for a Marketing Services Manager. If it is to work and serve the larger objective, the PR department should be independent, servicing others like production , personnel, marketing, finance, corporate agendas.Therefore, the PR Head should be part of the top management team- reporting directly to the CEO. He also needs to share everyone's confidences. The PR department of Cadbury’s played a very effective role in managing the reputation and keeping up the goodwill of the company. After being struck with the Worm Controversy it was not possible to create a very good impact on consumers who trusted the company the most. But through the efforts and a good PR team Cadbury’s managed to wriggle its self out of the controversy with a clean chit.STEPS TAKEN TO SOLVE THE CONTROVERSY †¢NOT DENYING THE FACT It helped that the Maharashtra Food and Drug Administration had given a clean chit to the company's two plants in the state. Cadbury went into overdrive to tell consumers that improper storage of what is essentially a perishable commodity might lead to worm infestation. Last November Bharat Puri, Cadbury's mild-mannered MD, wen t to media offices around the country meeting reporters, answering mostly hostile queries and patiently explaining the company's stand on the issue. Unlike the cola companies which were caught in a controversy just a month earlier and displayed an ostrich-like attitude, Cadbury did not go into denial mode. It accepted that there was a problem, which may not have been of its own making, and made a commitment to the consumer that it would plug all possible safety loopholes,† says a Mumbai-based brand consultant. As a result Cadbury improved the packaging and paid more attention to the way its chocolates were stored by nearly 650,000 retailers across the country. †¢GAINING BACK TRUSTThe Big B promoted the Big C in the chocolate business – Cadbury in India. Indian cine superstar Amitabh Bachchan has signed on to become the brand ambassador of the chocolate major for two years. AB played a pivotal role in all communication relating to Cadbury's products and brands, be i t in print, on television or the great outdoors, the company's managing director Bharat Puri has been quoted as saying in media reports. With the help of its Public Relations Dept. and advertising agency O;M, it created a campaign which aimed for both rational and emotional appeal.One of the ads showed Bachhan visiting a Cadbury plant, inspecting the systems and processes and finally consuming a bar of chocolate to be convinced that there's nothing wrong with the brand. The other ad featured Bachhan and his granddaughter to emphasize that the product was absolutely safe for children Sponsorship The brand has tied up with the popular TV show; Kaun BanegaCrorepati (KBC) 4and is the key sponsor for it. TCC tropic of cancer foundation and also for the most popular TV show FIR which comes on SAB TV. Product Publicity The following re the types of publicity they used to promote their product:-Tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service. CDM has tied up with BSNL's Missed Call Alert scheme. The brand plans to tie up with marriage and job portals. Tie up with Indian Railways for branding on tickets. Conclusion The Cadbury dairy Milk company successfully  re-establishes the  brand in  different  classes Important and ongoing  campaign after  the 2004 worm controversy which almost affected the sales and the good will of the company. Many variations in this campaign helped in targeting the different socio economic class of people and also the emotional value of people by making and soft heart feeling for the brand.Cadbury Dairy Milk very effectively used the various tools of IMC and the Kuch meetha ho jaye campaign also went  on to  win Silver  for   The Best Integrated Marketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006 (global benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards. Bibliography:- * http://www. facebook. com/cadburydairymilkindia * www. cadburyindia. com * www. meethamoments . com * www. scribid. com * www. wikipedia. com * www. timesofindia. com